Essay on Code of Ethics Counterterrorism - 1005 Words

Throughout life individuals are forced to make decisions. These decisions, made on a daily basis not only affect the individuals but others around them. Due to this, society as a whole has created views on what is right and wrong. Sometimes these â€Å"right or wrong† decisions or ethical choices differ from group to group. This can clearly be seen in different professions. For example, a doctor has different obligations to treat an injured person than the average citizen. It is for this reason that organizations create ethical codes to guide their members’ decision making process. This is no different in the world of warfare, specifically counterterrorism (CT). So let’s take a look at the ethical codes used by CT professionals and how†¦show more content†¦We will also see standards against discrimination and guidelines for community involvement. Even Home Depot has laid out standards for community involvement â€Å"It is our mission to be a go od corporate citizen and to serve each community in which The Home Depot conducts business. We will obey the laws and respect the customs of each community and will encourage participation and involvement in community affairs. As a Company, we are committed to the environment and pledge to continue to be an industry leader in looking for products and services that are respectful of our world† (Home Depot, 2011) When we look at this standard it not only covers being and active member of the community but a good law abiding citizen. These are important to an organization as it will promote a positive image of their profession. So how does CT differ from the private sector? A CT code of ethics will be different from the private sector as it is a type of warfare. In warfare we see decisions that the average individual will never have to face. War inherently causes the loss of human life, suffering, pain and destruction of property. This violence will cause a significant amou nt of stress on all involved, to include the warfighters. It is under this stress that ethical standards must remain intact as it is easy forShow MoreRelatedMajor Regulatory And Legal Requirements1637 Words   |  7 Pagesit has been tasked with of correcting Canadian detainees’ torture in Afghanistan. However, given that the CIA is not a law enforcement organization, it operates within certain realms legally. It cooperates within the set guidelines with other counterterrorism and counterintelligence agencies, such as the FBI, to ensure that the law is maintained. One of the core regulatory requirements that the CIA operates under are the Presidential directives, in which Congress determines the activities that theRead MorePolice and National Crime Information1595 Words   |  7 Pages1970- to current, it started a partnership between police and communities. 3. Describe August Vollmer s contributions to policing. August Vollmer introduced several innovative achievements in the area of police professionalism such as a code of ethics, and the requirement for higher education and specialized training, among others. 4. Discuss how Peel s â€Å"principles of policing are relevant to today s police practices. These nine principles are also called â€Å"The Peelian Principles.†Read MoreSample Resume : Syrian Refugees Essay2325 Words   |  10 Pagesabout changes to the Executive order No. 15-07. Historical Overview policy The Executive order No. 15-07 is a fairly new policy. For the Social Work profession this policy is invading basic human rights and is considered discrimination; in the Code Of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers, under Social Workers’ Ethical Responsibilities To The Broader Society 6.01 Social Welfare it states â€Å"Social workers should promote the general welfare of society, from local to global levels, andRead MoreCyberCrime: Cybersecurity for Cyberspace Essay2003 Words   |  9 Pagesinfrastructure conduct, network security disciplines, as well as type of threats, risks, and vulnerabilities in which investigation, arrest, and prosecution may be imposed in accordance with federal, state, and local laws. In addition to these ethics and code of conduct, it is recommended that all state jurisdictions implement the following framework as the bases to build upon within their localities. Securing â€Å"Cyberspace† (.gov domain) from becoming another statistical victim of â€Å"Cyberterrorism†,Read MoreInternational Human Resrouce Management2546 Words   |  11 Pagesin the United Kingdom. Code of conduct – monitoring HRM practice in the host country A critical issue in the management of the international supply chain is ensuring that quality standards are met. Major known brands have been accused in the past of condoning the use of child labour and low working hours for minimal pay as well as unsafe working environments. The role of HRM related to a global code of conduct may include the following: * Drawing up and reviewing code of conduct * ConductingRead More Ethics in International Security Essay examples3000 Words   |  12 PagesEthics in International Security Introduction: Since the attacks on the United States on September 11th 2001, governments, corporations, and individuals have been focused on the increasing problem of security. Countries all across the world are increasing security and intelligence gathering in order to protect against terrorism. Though the United States was the focus of the terrorist attack on September 11th, the entire world recognized the impending threat of international terrorism. Read MoreA Brief Note On The Private Security Companies3318 Words   |  14 Pagesspecialized skills from civilians and the military. SASO is comprised of an array of skills, including peace operations and peacekeeping support, counterinsurgency, emergency evacuation, law enforcement and military training, weapons control, and counterterrorism. Taw infers that SASO calls for â€Å"full spectrum operations† and expresses a timeline of â€Å"long-term, manpower-intensive operations† (p 388). To substantiate her material, Taw shows the actions of PSCs in the Angolan conflict claiming that UnitedRead MoreMorality of Warfare: Case Study Drone3702 Words   |  15 PagesTimes has written that, â€Å"Drone strikes are causing more and more Yemenis to hate America and join radical militants; they are not driven by ideology but rather by a sense of revenge and despair. Robert Grenier, the former head of the C.I.A.’s counterterrorism center, has warned that the American drone program in Yemen risks turning the country into a safe haven for Al Qaeda like the tribal areas of Pakistan — â€Å"the Arabian equivalent of Waziristan.†Ã¢â‚¬  Basically, the use of force to stop violence, inRead MoreEthical and Social Issues in Information Systems20165 Words   |  81 PagesRELATED TO SYSTEMS A Model for Thinking About Ethical, Social, and Political Issues Five Moral Dimensions of the Information Age Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION SOCIETY Basic Concepts: Responsibi lity, Accountability, and Liability Ethical Analysis Candidate Ethical Principles Professional Codes of Conduct Some Real-World Ethical Dilemmas THE MORAL DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information Rights: Privacy and Freedom in the Internet Age Property Rights: IntellectualRead MoreSaudi Arabia’s Military: the Social Aspects of the Kingdom’s Armed Forces6871 Words   |  28 Pagesto not specialize in particular warfare areas and rather moderately train for all ground warfare areas. While both branches cooperated comparatively well in the Persian Gulf War, they still remain isolated from each other. The new threat of counterterrorism is a recent cause to start demanding cooperation and defined roles of the branches. The manning of the Saudi Armed Forces is weak relative to its neighbors in the Persian Gulf. The Royal Saudi Land Forces comprise 75,000 soldiers spread across

Crisis Intervention Theory Social Work

Question: Discuss about the Crisis Intervention Theory Social Work. Answer: Introduction The social work and practices are described as the general clarification that is commonly supported by evidence that is obtained through the scientific methods, the practices and theories explain the human behavior that describes how human being interacts and how they can adapt to a specific environment. The social work practices and theories provide a platform to other people on how they can help other understand themselves better as well as helping them to make substantial decisions(Boscarino, 2015). Human beings are faced with many crisis which needs to be adopted, and the possible solution should be drafted in order to minimize the impact that can be generated. When people face certain problems or when they fail to adapt to specific areas, they intend to develop stress and depression, this affects the way they live as well as defining their behavior(Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). According to the case study, Lucy is a single parent, she is in family crisis whereby she is in a dilemma of making the relevant decision that will change her terrible life. Marriage-related issues are understood to be the factors which have affected her life(Dale Smith, 2013). Paul is her husband, he has also been viewed as the primary cause of the problems she is undergoing, Paul uses abusive language as well as threatening Lucy, and this makes her worry much about their Children(Eby, Mitchell, Zimmerman, 2012). The study designate that Lucy has loose temper towards her children because stress which rises as a result of how Paul has been relating to her since they got married. Lucy problem is now known by many people, she feel guilty and she even does not want to mingle with other people in the community, she fears that they may ask her about her husband and children, particularly Amy who has health complication which arose as a result of an accident(Engel Schutt, 2016). Social work practices embrace on some the models which describe how human beings perceive and relates to the problems they face in life, in Lucys case, she struggles on how to adopt the family crisis by trying to stay away from Paul as well as avoiding interacting with other people(France, 2015). Bases on this case study, one of the social practices theories may be relevant and significant to explain whole about the story provided. Crisis Intervention Theory The case study provides a clear indication on what Lucy is undergoing, her life is faced with many challenges that need to be solved by social work practitioners. The practitioners need to figure out and conceptualize on her case and adopt the use of appropriate social work and practice theory(Gambrill, 2012). Crisis intervention theory is the appropriate and defensible social work theory relevant to the case study. The theory intends to solve long-term problems by focusing on the social background of an individual, Lucys case shows that since her marriage has been in trouble, where her husband is the center of each challenge(Engel Schutt, 2016). Furthermore, the crisis intervention theory is relevant to the case study since it focuses on the major problems and the events indicated, its stages reflect on the each essential aspects that need to be addressed(Kanel, 2014). Crisis intervention theory is a social work practice model which represent the essential aspects on how people interact and adapt to their situations in life. It is the social practice used when an individual is dealing with the acute crisis, such as the family and the marriage issues(France, 2015). The theory comprises the specific process of assessing the safety and lethality, report building, crisis identification, addressing actual feelings, generating the alternative solution and developing the action plan. The model is commonly used and applied by people who are experiencing hopeless and cheerless lifes(Engel Schutt, 2016). Human being are considered not to have any capacity of dealing with the difficulties which affects their lives, the research indicates that it is only when they are faces with different issues that they intend to seek guidance from the professional practitioners.(Gambrill, 2012). The social work practitioners have to show their professional skills of dealing with different issues that affect the human behavior as well as their reaction toward specific life challenges. Individuals are conceptualize not to be making substantial decision which will positively affect their life, some of them intend to make their own decision which will not last or provide the lasting solutions. On the other hand others act according to their capacity of seeking comfort from the social work practitioners. Crisis in human life is showcased by the response and the reaction of an individual to certain stressful situations or even the specific events that may impose negative impact to their lives. Crisis only develop in an individual when perceive and react toward particular events that might be threatening, people may develop strategies of coping with the situation but the strategies are indicated not to pay any positive results(Hepworth, Rooney, Rooney, Strom-G, 2016). Behavioral and psychological experts perceived crisis to be much the same as conditions of psychological uncertainty. People encountering crisis are liable to encounter a scope of feelings like sentiments such as the nervousness, fear, helplessness, and guilt. Human beings are generally known for being discourage by their difficult situations, the social work practitioners Individuals in crisis are additionally generally known not from discouragement and pull back from social intervention. Social work specialists contend that while the dominant part of crisis run their course or achieve some similarity of dependability inside maybe a couple months, it is fundamental for talented intervention to happen to reinforce the ways of dealing with the stress of people. The failure to do in that capacity will achieve the nearness and continuation of emergency related practices, even as the open entryway for change will be revoked. When individuals are in difficult situation, they always have a limited approaches of getting the alternatives. The intervention of the social work practitioners during the crisis period may be viewed to be an opportunity for an individual to lean on new skills of dealing with stress, these skills comprises learning on how to achieve the behavioral change as well as how to regain stability(Kanel, 2014). According to the understanding of intervention theory in social practice, people who have been able to develop such skills during the crisis time are comprehended to be strengthened by their life experience. Application of Crisis intervention in the case study Crisis intervention theory of practice provides the second change to an individuals to develop new skills of coping up with the crisis which they often undergo in life. According to the case study, Lucy is in a crisis which she has failed to make the substantial decision that will change her life. The case study unveils the experience of Lucy with her family, ho cope up with her life situation has grown into big issues(Payne, 2014). Lucy is socially isolated with her husband becoming the source of her stress full life, Paul parent also contributes to her troubles as well as help to some extent. Lucy has the mandatory of taking her crisis easy and develop a decisive approach of applying the crisis intervention theory, the social practice theory is essential to help an individual to develop long-term help to people who experience events that result in mental, emotional, physical as well as the behavioral discomfort(Payne, 2014). Stages of crisis intervention While conceptualizing about the crisis intervention, following the right process will be of great importance to help a person to develop skills that could reduce discomfort, stages of crisis intervention practical stepwise as well as the blueprint of responding to the crisis(Roberts, 2005). Psychosocial and Lethality Assessment It is the first stage of social practice theory, it is the social practice that allows the social practitioner to conduct a systematic bio-psychological assessment to an individual. In the case of Lucy, one the practitioner have the mandate of conducting a research and understand the main cause of the crisis in Lucys life, this is by observing her environment as well as conceptualizing on the internal and external relationship with others(Turner (Ed.)., 2011). The stage is important while assessing the emotional as well as the behavior reaction toward specific problems. Social work practitioner has the obligation of assessing whether the Lucy is exposed to certain risk factors such as isolation and depression. Rapidly Establish Rapport Rapport is facilitated by the conceptualization of social work practitioner to offer condition such as the respect, acceptance and becoming genuine to the Lucy. In this particular stage, the professional social practitioner has to show his or her exceptional skill and behavioral, this will allow Lucy who is the client to develop trust about the psychological guidance. The practitioner should be creative, flexible, positive as well as developing resilience to Lucy case(Yeager Roberts, 2015). Identify the Major Problems or Crisis Precipitants The crisis intervention theory is focusing on solving the current problem of the clients, it deliberates in providing the solution to the problems that have to lead Lucy to seek help from the practitioner. In this stage, the psychological professional should first understand the event which escalated into a crisis to Lucy(France, 2015). Deal With Feelings and Emotions According to the case study, Lucy is losing tempers towards her children because of the crisis she is undergoing in life. The responsibility of the social work practitioner is to allow Lucy to express her feeling, this will provide an overview of the client experience. Lucy should be allowed to express her feeling and vent in order to provide full information about her crisis. The worker should monitor her words and actions which she had early done to her children, losing tempers represent huge anger towards her family. Generate and Explore Alternatives Generating and exploring the alternative to the crisis implies the process of developing crucial aspect which the client should follow in order to cope with the crisis. According to Lucys case, the practitioner has the obligation of understanding what Lucy has undergone, this is understanding the relationship between Lucy and her husband family as well as her children(Thompson, 2011). Understand clients problem allows the practitioner to develop substantial alternatives that will positively change the life of the client. Implement an Action Plan This is the stage that the proposed alternative is taken into action by engaging also in different aspects. Social practitioner should consider implementing and integrating on the substantial alternatives, a professional should be able to implement on the alternative that will reduce the client isolation, and this implies how Lucy should relate to her husband and children(Boscarino, 2015). Follow-Up Follow up is the last stage of crisis intervention, it represents how the practitioner can contact the client and monitor her progress this is after the intervention is completed. The follow-up process comprises the postcrisis element such as monitoring the client relationship with her family, the need for the client referrals and assessing the clients employment aspects(Eby, Mitchell, Zimmerman, 2012). Assumption of social work theory Stressful life is part of everyday life, any stressful situation results in crisis. The crisis and stressful situation require the problem-solving skills which professional social workers has obligated to offer to their clients. According to the case study, Lucy is observed to be lacking someone to help her to create resolution which was relevant to her crisis, her case requires some to take the mandate of assuring the rest after the stressful life. The occurrence of crisis is precipitated by the event which is rare and is unusual to occur. Weakness However, the social work theory is factored out by different aspects which affect creating and development of the resolution to the crisis. According to the study, the social work theory may not help to create the resolution to the continuous problems which affect people lives. Since the beginning of her problems, the social works theory is comprehended not to be relevant to the life situations. Strengths On the other hand, crisis intervention theory is important life situations which affect human life as well as how they related and react to the specific environment. The social work theory helps to deal with major problems and the events. It is also time limited as well as task focus. Conclusion Crisis intervention theory represents the key aspects which determine the human behavior, provide an overview of how solutions could be developed in order to solve the specific crisis. The social work theory is applied by the social work practitioners to develop the alternative solution as well as changing the behavior of their clients. In the case of Lucy, crisis intervention theory is applicable because it is a social practice model that provide the long-term solution to the life crisis. The seven stages modeling of crisis intervention theory conceptualizes on the essential process of developing the alternative solution the problems affecting the human lives. The case study unveils that, crisis intervention allows the social work practitioners to develop approaches that will allow the client to develop new skills of coping up life problems. Social workers have the responsibility of understanding the applicable social practices which are substantial to the problems affecting their clients lives. References Boscarino, J. A. (2015). Community disasters, psychological trauma, and crisis intervention. International journal of emergency mental health, 17(1), 369. Capuzzi, D., Stauffer, M. D. (2016). ACA Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions. John Wiley Son. Dale, O., Smith, R. (2013). Human behavior and the social environment: Social systems theory. Pearson Higher Ed. Eby, T. L., Mitchell, M., Zimmerman, L. (2012). Work and Family in Times of Crisis. The Oxford Handbook of Work and Family. Engel, J. R., Schutt, R. K. (2016). The practice of research in social work. Sage Publications. France, K. (2015). Crisis intervention: A handbook of immediate person-to-person help. Charles C Thomas Publisher. Gambrill, E. (2012). Social work practice: A critical thinker's guide. Oxford University Press. Hepworth, D., Rooney, R., Rooney, D. G., Strom-G. (2016). Empowerment Series: Direct Social Work Practice: Theory and Skills. Nelson Education. Hillman, J. L. (2013). Crisis intervention and trauma: New approaches to evidence-based practice. Springer Science Business Media. James, K. R., Gilliland, E. B. (2012). Crisis intervention strategies. Nelson Education. Kanel, K. (2014). A guide to crisis intervention. Cengage Learning. Payne, M. (2014). Modern social work theory. Palgrave Macmillan. Roberts, A. R. (2005). Crisis intervention handbook: Assessment, treatment, and research. Oxford university press. Thompson, N. (2011). Crisis intervention. Russell House Pub Limited. Turner, F. J., (Ed.). (2011). Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches. Oxford University Press. Yeager, K., Roberts, A. (2015). Crisis intervention handbook: Assessment, treatment, and research. Oxford University Press.

The Things They Carried Essay free essay sample

There were three types of women in The Things They Carried. These roles of women, displayed in Martha, Linda and Kathleen, were love, death, and an enabler. Although they are not seen in the story, women are very much on the mind of the men. Mainly because women could not be at war, O’Brien decided to introduce the women through the minds of the soldiers. The men idealize the women and portray their absence in letters, photographs and even in their imaginations. They do this as consolation and as a reminder that a world exists outside the monstrosity of Vietnam. Martha is Lt. Jimmy Crosss love, even though she had only considered him as a friend. OBriens uses their story to show a common trend between soldiers and the separation created by the war. When the soldiers returned home from the war, they quickly began trying to revitalize the lives they left before the war. We will write a custom essay sample on The Things They Carried Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While Lt. Jimmy Cross was faced with death in Vietnam, he refuses to believe Martha isnt a virgin and that they could one day be together. This was a safe, comforting thought contrary to one of rejection and possible death during war. For soldiers in war, many of them think of someone or something they love and it helps them to persevere through the tough times. â€Å"He had loved Martha more than his men, and as a consequence Lavender was now dead, and this was something he would have to carry like a stone in his stomach for the rest of the war†. (42) During his time in Vietnam, Cross is obsessed with Martha leading to Ted Lavenders death. He burns her letters and photos as an attempt to reconcile his guilt. However, it’s at that later meeting where he receives a new photograph of her and all the feelings of guilt is felt as she rejects him due to the fact that she was never truly interested in him. Another women who had left her mark was Linda, Tim OBriens childhood love. Unfortunately she dies at the age of nine due to a brain tumor. Her role is to give Tim a reason to write stories, so that he can keep the memories alive. He believes that those who die can be revitalized through storytelling. Linda is the primary example of OBriens belief that storytelling aids the healing process of pain, confusion, and sadness that comes with an unexpected death. After she dies, O’Brien uses his writing skills to best create an everlasting memory in her honor. His past experiences with deaths such as Linda explains why he was able to handle death so well in Vietnam. Even though Norman Bowker and Kiowa die unexpectedly, they are both brought back to life in OBriens stories similar to Linda. By writing stories like these, it helps OBrien keep his sanity and peace in check. In conclusion to the first two women, Kathleen is the daughter of OBrien. Shes known as the enabler for OBriens stories that arent true. Similar to the reader, Kathleen is learning OBriens war stories and their true meanings. However, she has the means to question OBrien and truly unlock his mind to find all the small details hidden in the words. An example of her ability is seen when he revisits Vietnam. OBrien has a different perspective of his experiences when he thinks about how he should tell the story of the man he killed to his eight year old daughter. Stories are for joining the past to the future. Stories are for those late hours in the night when you cant remember how you got from where you were to where you are. Stories are for eternity, when memory is erased, when there is nothing to remember except that story†. (34) It’s easy for the reader to misunderstand O’Brien during his storytelling of the harshness of the war. Tim is trying to paint a picture for his daughter without scaring her out of her shoes. Otherwise he could just tell her all the horrors he witnessed as well as the gruesome smell that arose from the war field. Although the women in The Things They Carried were not physically present during the war, they had a large emotional presence. This deeply affected almost all of the soldiers who were affected by the severity of the war and looked forward to returning home to a companion or family member. Most of the time women are said to play smaller roles in stories and in film, but not in the case of The Things They Carried. These leadings women were a big part of O’Brien’s success in explaining his story the way it was meant to be. The Things They Carried Essay free essay sample Why does O’Brien use the theme of rejection to convey his experience in war? In the book, The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien writes about his experience in the Vietnam War. He uses many themes to show how the war has changed the soldiers and how the citizens perceive the war. Throughout the book, he uses the theme of rejection to show the disconnection between the soldiers at war and the citizens at home. O’Brien defines the relationship among the soldiers from the beginning of war to the end. He shows the struggle and hardship of returning to everyday life and the acceptance of society. Rejection is a reoccurring theme that O’Brien uses, it helps the reader understand what went on in the war and the way societies’ views the war. The disconnection between the soldiers at war and the citizens at home is the most important example of rejection that O’Brien uses to further explain his experience in war. We will write a custom essay sample on The Things They Carried Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page O’Brien begins to talk about a true war story and how it makes the stomach believe. He says that Curt Lemon stepped on a booby-trap while playing with Rat Kiley and instantly died. Curt Lemon was dead. Rat Kiley had lost his best friend in the world. Later in the week he would write a long personal letter to the guy’s sister, who would not write back, but for now it was a question of pain. (79) This quote is a great example of how citizens at home do not understand and respond well to the soldiers at war. Rat Kiley had put a lot of thought into the letter he sent to Curt Lemon’s sister explaining what had happened and how great Curt Lemon was. Curt Lemon’s sister not writing back shows the disconnect between her and the soldiers and how she does not support the war. O’Brien also uses the relationship among the soldiers from the beginning of war to the end to explain the theme of rejection throughout the book. One important example of this is when Tim O’Brien got shot in the butt and the medic took so long to get to him, he almost died of shock. He was no longer able to fight in war and worked in the battalion supply section. A few months later, his group he used to go into war with came in for stand-down. After hearing their stories, O’Brien realizes he is more like a civilian now. O’Brien begins talking to Mitchell Sanders about Bobby Jorgenson, the medic who almost killed him. Sanders shrugged. â€Å"People change. Situations change. I hate to say this, man, but you’re out of touch. Jorgenson – he’s with us now. † â€Å"And I’m not? † Sanders looked at me for a moment. â€Å"No,† he said. â€Å"I guess you’re not. † (197) This quote explains how being in war as a soldier creates a different relationship with the other soldiers than it does when you are not fighting in war or are a citizen. The last example of the theme of rejection and disconnection in The Things They Carried is the hardship of returning to everyday life. When Norman Bowker came home from the war he did not have anything to come home to and nothing to look forward to. He decided to take his father’s truck around a lake nearby their house and he stopped at the local AW. He honked and a carhop came up to his car. He began to order. Mama Burger,† he said. â€Å"Maybe some fries, too. † The girl sighed, leaned down, and shook her head. Her eyes were as fluffy and airy-light as cotton candy. â€Å"You blind? † she said. She put out her hand and tapped an intercom attached to a steel post. â€Å"Punch the button and place your order. All I do is carry the dumb trays. † †¦ The intercom squeaked and said , â€Å"Order. † â€Å"Mama Burger and fries,† Norman Bowker said. â€Å"Affirmative, copy clear. No rootie-tootie? † â€Å"Rootie-tootie? † â€Å"You know, man – root beer. † †¦ (151) This quote shows the disconnect between society and the soldiers at war. Once Norman Bowker came home, he was out of touch with society and it was hard for him to return to everyday life. He had been gone for so long that everything he came back to had changed. Throughout the book, The Things They Carried, O’Brien uses the theme of rejection to convey his experiences in war and explain societies’ view on war. He uses examples such as the disconnect between the soldiers at war and the citizens at home, the relationship among the soldiers from the beginning of war to the end, and the hardship of returning to everyday life. As we have discovered, being in the Vietnam war was not easy for any of the soldiers and most of the time they had many burdens and worries. Society was very disconnected with the war and many did not support it. The soldiers relationships changed greatly when the men were wounded or killed, and they had to adjust quickly to their constantly changing lifestyle. Once they came back home, it was very hard for them to get back into their normal routines and everyday life they once were accustomed to. The Things They Carried Essay free essay sample They Carried, is a novel composed of war stories from the Vietnam War. O’Brien tells the stories of not only himself, but stories from the men with whom he fought alongside. The main idea of the book is what these men carried, which was not only tangible objects, but emotions as well. Digging deeper into this meaning, many of the stories were changed from their true and factual selves to half true and half fictitious stories based on that person’s emotions at that time. Many writers, such as Tim O’Brien, find more truth in fiction than on the actual occurring event. In Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried there is a blurred line between fact and fiction and the real Tim O’Brien and Tim’s character. Tim’s character represents his truth from his emotional views and the narrator Tim tells what really happened. Tim O’Brien’s character in The Things They Carried looked in the faces of the dead, but in reality he did not have the strength to look into the faces of the deceased. We will write a custom essay sample on The Things They Carried Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He could call this his own truth because his emotions are what he was writing down. All he did was take the way that he felt and added details and faces to events that actually occurred. For most people this is their own truth. Everybody has their own truth because memories are driven by emotion and the emotions can sometimes temporarily or even permanently block out what really happened and a story from factual events is created. Throughout the majority of the novel Tim uses character Tim over narrator Tim, but he does occasionally distinguish fact from emotions. During the instance when O’Brien’s daughter asks him if he has ever killed a man O’Brien hesitates in a truthful answer. It seems as though he is greatly conflicted because he feels as if he has killed a man, but he never actually killed a man. It is as if by him being a part of the war and not helping the dying men it is a fault of his that he could not help to save them by stopping it. His emotions told him he was a murderer who looked in the face of his victim, who was a young boy he created a life story for; when in reality that boy was never his kill. To the reader it seems that he is contradicting himself, but in actuality he is differentiating between himself and his emotional character. In the chapter, â€Å"How to Write a True War Story,† O’Brien tells the reader about the blurred line between fact and fiction. He tells us what a true war story is and what it is not. According to O’Brien a true war story is never moral, instructing, or uplifting. He also tells us that in a true war story, â€Å"it’s difficult to separate what happened from what seemed to happen. † He also tells us that it is â€Å"a hard an exact truth as it seemed. † This is where the lines become blurred. As it seems from the way O’Brien speaks, men do not have the courage to witness entire incidences such as Curt Lemon’s death. He writes that they watch pieces of it, close their eyes, and open them some more. Everything they remember seems true to them based on the facts. Readers may never truly know what happened, but they do know what that person was feeling based on the way the story was told. There is no clear line between fact and story for author Tim O’Brien. To him the lines blur together from time apart from the event and remembering the emotions felt. His novel The Things They Carried represents this idea through its use of storytelling. All of his short stories pieced together to create the novel each represent a different form of truth for different men along with Tim. O’Brien was successful in using this blurred line between fact and story for his war stories.

marketing mix of amazon Essays

marketing mix of amazon Essays marketing mix of amazon Paper marketing mix of amazon Paper marketing mix of amazon BY JCEEI The marketing mix is the combination of marketing activities that an organisation engages in so as to best meet the needs of its targeted market. Traditionally the marketing mix consisted of Just 4 Ps with 3 extras; an example of marketing mix is Amazon. The most difficult task for any organization is creating an all-around environment which allows a group of customers to feel comfortable purchasing their products or services. The strategy requires the organization to determine the ideal products or services at the right price, getting sold in the correct location, to the right ustomers, the type of incentives offered, payment and delivery of product, the edge of their product and within the proper time frame. My paper intends to describe how Amazon. com uses the marketing mix to ensure an ideal environment for consumers, and displays how the 7ps are implemented. Amazon was founded in 1994 and is considered the largest e-commerce retailer in America. In 20 years this organization has become a fortune with 500 companies that have dominated the e-commerce market which has displayed unique growth and understanding of their market and their client needs. Amazon is a very successful organization, they have experience many threats from other competitors, market fluctuations, and basic uncertainties within the market. However, the firm intends to handle these issues by looking toward their future and addressing the initiatives and long-term goals of the organization. nd Just do it caJsahJ s] uhdh ba The marketing mix is the combination of marketing activities that an organisation engages in so as to best meet the needs of its targeted market. Traditionally the marketing mix consisted of Just 4 Ps with 3 extras; an example of marketing mix is Amazon. The most difficult task for any organization is creating an all-around environment which allows a group of customers to feel comfortable purchasing their products or services. The strategy requires the organization to determine the ideal products or services at the right price, getting sold in the correct location, to the right customers, the type of incentives offered, payment and delivery of product, the edge of their product and within the proper time frame. My paper intends to describe how Amazon. com uses the marketing mix to ensure an ideal environment for consumers, and displays how he 7ps are implemented. Amazon was founded in 1994 and is considered the largest e-commerce retailer in America. In 20 years this organization has become a fortune with 500 companies that have dominated the e-commerce market which has displayed unique growth and understanding of their market and their client needs. Amazon is a very successful organization, they have experience many threats from other competitors, market fluctuations, and basic uncertainties within the market. However, the firm intends to handle these issues by looking toward their future and ddressing the initiatives and long-term goals of the organization. The marketing mix is the combination of marketing activities that an organisation engages in so as to best meet the needs of its targeted market. Traditionally the marketing mix consisted of Just 4 Ps with 3 extras; an example of marketing mix is Amazon. The most difficult task for any organization is creating an all-around environment which allows a group of customers to feel comfortable purchasing their products or services. The strategy addressing the initiatives and long-term goals of the organization.

Funding for Public Schools Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Funding for Public Schools - Case Study Example It will also analyze the impacts, recommendations and implementation of court opinions and decisions on the West Orange-Cove case of 2005. Finally, it will bring out my own reflections of the belief I have regarding the property tax systems of the State and how it will impact on the financials of the public schools in Texas State Public school funding in Texas was first defined by an Act 'Gilmer-Aikin Act' of 1949 which enabled the establishment of a minimum foundation program. The program was designed to create a funding system that will see the State and other local sources remit revenue to the education systems. However, the system got a setback when the law suit was filed by school districts sitting issues of substantial inequity and misappropriation. The Texas Supreme Court then ruled that the Texas school funding system was unconstitutional and need to be scrapped. This resulted to the current financial system 'Robin Hood's system' which is currently in place Property taxes are revenues collected via taxes on businesses and individuals l9ivin gin the State ton finance school programs. The taxes usually contribute to about 49% of all funds that the school districts require in addition to the State and federal funds which contributes 41 and 10% respectively. Every school district has adopted two tax rates every year i.e. debt service tax rate and operations and maintenance tax rate. Adequacy and equity of funds The hotly debated issue of public financing in schools in the State has been the equity and adequacy of the funds. People argue on whether the most important goal is equity or adequacy or there is any combination of the two issues2. Equity provides equal distribution while adequacy advocates for enough funding for each and every student. Texas legislators are striving to meet a compromising level that will see the revolution of systems in Texas to fair policies that will ensure equal funds for all students and schools Most experts in the education arena are for the idea that the current systems are almost exhausted due to changing political and economic climates. To sustain a strong economy, they argue, will need an equally strong educational financial system that will be very efficient in meeting the growing demand s of the sector. Their opinion is that, districts will be able to save more of their revenues by providing quality childhood education. This will imply that the amount of money used to meet challenges of these students when they are in heir 9th grade will be lower compared to what would be needed if they obtained poor childhood education. If the current trends of court cases regarding the systems are anything to go by, then, the education system in the State will be at stake. West Orange-Cove case Texas schools coalition members, west orange-cove and other interested parties had filed a case in the courts to question the constitutional credibility of the Texas schools financing system3. San Antonio Independent School being the plaintiff in the property poor and equally poorly funded Edgewood district was involved in the case together with the others. Their claims were; 1. The schools financial system had evolved into a property tax violator thereby violating the Texas constitution, Article VIII of section 1

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 16

Research Paper Example e career civil servants are employed in a step-wise system that has the lowest (entry) level civil servant at grade 9 and highest level civil servants at grade 1. The contract civil servants are employed on specialized jobs that see their employment terminated once the terms of the contract have been met (Choi & Park 2013, pp. 12-13). In Japan, the national civil service is responsible for all civil servant employments. Once employed in a ministry, an employee will remain with the same ministry until their employment is terminated. Transfers between ministries is very uncommon. A civil servant is advanced selectively but in the confines of rank such that the senior personnel have priority in terms of promotion. In reality, the actual retirement age for civil servants is 55 years of age but an ‘amakudari’ style of re-employment system has been adopted by Japan’s civil service in which retired workers are re-absorbed back into the workforce as part of the lifetime employment system employed in the country. The implication is that amakudari is an essential provision of the lifetime employment system where workers are obligated to resign from place of employment before they reach of the formal retirement age. The system provides low salaries for civil servants, when matched to salaries of the same age cohort in the private sector. Amakudari is an issue of great significance and one that has become very contentious. Each ministry runs independent of the others and central government such that; each minister is expected to bear the responsibility and that even the prime minister cannot direct other ministers’ business; and some of the core government ministries were created before the current constitution was promulgated. The local governments employ 75 percent of all civil servants while the central government employs the remaining 25 percent (Hood & Guy 2003, pp. 38-42; Institute of Administrative Management 2001, pp. 21-26). The British civil service

Advantages and disadvantages of Specialisation

Advantages and disadvantages of Specialisation Introduction International trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) equity flows are the two primary methods in which international business occurs and are amongst the most substantial drivers of present time globalisation. With consecutive rounds of multilateral dialogues at the World Trade Organisation (WTO), barriers to trade globally, have been done away with significantly. Likewise, the relaxation and liberalisation of developed countries capital markets during the 1980s has brought about a brand-new age of global capital mobility whereby Foreign Direct Investment is a primary and vital facet to trade globally. Both experiential and theoretical frameworks have incidentally thrived to explicate and predict these patterns in international business, as well as the determinatives and affects of International Trade and FDI flows for both the host and home countries. International Trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories (dictionary.reference.com). FDI Foreign direct investment refers to the long-term engagement of a nation A into nation B for example. It normally requires involvement in expertise, know-how, joint-venture, management and transfer of technology, etc. There are two forms of Foreign Direct Investment: inbound FDI and outbound FDI, bringing about either a positive or negative net FDI inflow and stock of FDI equities, which is the total figure for a given period of time. It is important to note, however, that direct investment does not include investments made by means of purchasing shares. Specialisation Specialisation is the focus of labour in specified, limited duties and functions. It is the name ascribed to the prevalent system of economic consumption, production, and interlinked socio-economic progression and processes, in most industrialised nations ever since the late twentieth century. In fact, trade exists as a result of specialisation and the division of labour, where most workers focus on a limited facet of production and trading, during the process, for different trade goods. Trade exists between various nations and trading blocs because different industries in diverse countries and regions globally have a comparative advantage in the manufacturing/production of certain tradable commodities/goods, or because different countries sizes permit for the benefits of mass production. Intrinsically, trade at market prices amongst different countries/regions benefits both partners involved in the trade exchange. International Trade Theory Adam Smith (1723-1790) was a prominent Scottish economist and political thinker whose famed work Wealth of Nations (1776) set the pitch for work on economics and politics for many individuals and institutions even today. This was, as a matter of fact, the first extensive attempt to examine the nature of capital, the development of industry and the effects of large-scale commerce in Europe. Adam Smiths fundamental argumentation was that people should be free and able to engage in their own private economic interests as much as possible just as long as they do not break the rudimentary rules of justice. In this manner, Smith believed, they would do far more good to advance and promote the publics welfare and interests, more than if the same people were to attempt to assist the public on purpose. Smith named this the invisible hand of the market, though everyone is performing in their own self-interest, they are led to accomplish the good for all like an invisible hand of economic powers. Hence, outside intervention will unavoidably induce calamity. This later became renowned as laissez faire economic policy (economyprofessor.com). Adam Smith (Wealth of Nations) reasoned that economic specialisation could be beneficial to countries as to corporations, back in 1776. Due to the division of labour being limited by the market size, he argued that nations with access to bigger markets will be capable of splitting labour more productively and hence become more efficient in the long run. Smith however, failed to realise that the division of labour is also intrinsically limited by the technology in production coordination (Yu, Zhihao, 2005). The theory of Absolute Advantage was introduced Adam Smith and is apparent between trade counterparts when a country is able to produce more of a commodity/product, with the same resources, than its partner can; it is therefore said to hold a position of Absolute Advantage in the production of that end product. If, however, the other country has an Absolute Advantage in producing a commodity/product that the its partner needs, each will be fortunate if they specialise and trade. Trade is normally mutually advantageous even if one country holds an absolute advantage over its partner country, in the production of both goods being traded. The Heckscher-Ohlin (HO) model was first formed by Eli Heckscher (1919) and Bertil Ohlin, two Swedish economists. Elis Heckschers own student, Bertil Ohlin formulated and detailed the Factor Endowment Theory. He was not just a economics professor in Stockholm, but also a leading political figure in Sweden at the time. Fundamental concepts were further formulated and added subsequently by Ronald Jones and Paul Samuelson amongst others. Due to the difficulty of forecasting the trade of goods pattern in a globe with an abundance of goods, as an alternative to the Heckscher-Ohlin Model, the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theorem that prognosticates the factor capacity of trade has acquired attention in recent years (econ.iastate.edu). The Heckscher-Ohlin Model explicated that countries of the same factor endowments would still trade due to the differences in technology, as this would induce specialisation and thus trade, in precisely the same manner as in the Ricardian Model. Another theory that attempts to predict the patterns of trade is that of the Law of Comparative Advantage (David Ricardo) in the goods with the lower opportunity cost. David Ricardo (1772-1823), during the early 19th century, saw that the theory of Absolute Advantage was a moderate and restricted instance of a more dynamically broad theory. Ricardo, in essence, was sort of a replacement and continuation to Adam Smiths prominent position in British economics. His work went on to shape and influence the aims and methods of the discipline all through the nineteenth century. In spite of his personal substantial work experience, his written material can sometimes come across as being very abstract and often hard to understand. His main stress was on the principles of diminishing returns linked to land rental, which he thought also regulated capital profits. He tried to derive a theory of value from labour application, but found it hard to separate the effects of changes in technology from changes in distribution. The scarceness of natural resources globally, one of the more fundamental concepts of economics, requires that there be tradeoffs, and these tradeoffs lead to an opportunity cost. Whilst the price of a good or service is often-times thought of in terms of currency, the opportunity cost of taking a decision is based on what good or service must be forgone, which would be the next best option, as a consequence of taking the decision. Decisions that require having to choose between two or more options are said to have an opportunity cost. The Law of Comparative Advantage explicates how nations can take advantage of and exploit specialisation and trade. Given any two goods/commodities, the nation manufacturing the good/commodity with the lower opportunity cost is said to have a comparative advantage. In simple terms, it is the capability of a nation to produce a product at a lower cost than others can produce it. Specialising provides that nation with a comparative advantage vis-Ã  -vis other trade players. The basis of trade activities must be directed in a way where each country cuts the opportunity costs of the goods being swapped in their trade exchanges. Heckscher and Ohlins theory, adapted from Ricardos comparative advantage model, suggested that different costs were the result not only of dissimilar labour endowments between countries, but also of different capital and land endowments. For example, a country like Saudi Arabia is much more amply endowed with oil than say France. France, on the other hand, has a rich abundance of skilled labour and capital equipment in the defence industry. Hence the theory would suggest that Saudi Arabia would specialise in producing oil, France in producing defence equipment and that the two countries will trade one product for the other (Anderton, Alain, 2004). Advantages of International Trade and Specialisation Some advantages of International Trade include monetary benefits to the respective countries participating in trade, it can also improve relations between countries and allow for a great cultural exchange. It also allows for more of a choice and assortments of goods that are affordable (value for money) and readily acquirable for consumers, better quality goods, enhanced and increased competition both at the global and national level, closer links and affiliations amongst countries globally, more of an exchange of technical expertise, technology and synergistic know-how, producers locally will endeavour to better the quality of their products, as well as an increase in employment nationally. In the same way domestic trade encourages economic development and prosperity, so does International Trade. International commerce gives rise to specialisation, where a producer produces the good at the lowest cost of opportunity and production to them and thereafter trades for goods that are produced at a higher opportunity or production to them. Not only does International Trade lead to shared benefits by permitting various nations to specialise their industries of those products/commodities they produce at top-quality, but it also lets them import products that international producers are inclined to provide at a lower cost than national producers are willing. Resources do vary between nations and provide certain nations with an advantage of producing certain goods over other ones and turn out to be more profit-making and beneficial to all. By permitting for International Trade, nations can specialise in those products that they can produce efficiently and at the lowest cost and then supply them to consumers at a low-cost, more inexpensive, and more economic price. Additionally, by importing those products from other nations and then exporting goods to those nations, both partners, involved in the trade exchange, benefit in a win-win state of affairs. It is crucial to take note, however, the case of absolute advantage. As mentioned before, absolute advantage is a scenario where a country, due to its natural endowments and or prior experiences, can manufacture more of a product/commodity, with the same quantity of resources, than another country can. However, this does not imply that only because one country has an absolute advantage, the countries trading with this nation will not benefit from the trade. Yes, they still can benefit, in point of fact, that is, conditional upon the relative production costs varying. Advantages of specialisation include increasing rewards and profit returns due to economies of scale, gains from exploiting an absolute or comparative advantage, through which specialisation is explained, more efficiency and productivity as well as focus for producers, less cost to the producer as well as the consumer, better quality end products and a wider range of choice for the consumer, and last but not least, through specialisation in production, countries can increase their income, as well as expand and develop their economies. A strong argument put forward in favour of the concept of free trade would be that it is rather clear and apparent that free trade is beneficial to all partners involved. It helps nations attain a comparative advantage and corporations/industries to focus on specialisation, both of which result in economic benefits, growth, and prosperity. Furthermore, these two concept are big revolutionary contributors to the sophisticated and progressive state of the globes nations in the present time. Without them, we would be decades behind in various ways, particularly from a technological standpoint. Participating in these activities proves beneficial for all trade partners and results in economic prosperity and wealth, therefore, improving peoples standards of living (Rose, Phantom, 2009). Disadvantages of International Trade and Specialisation Some disadvantages of trade include a heavy reliance on a particular nation, national production may also be hindered as national industries may be excelled and eclipsed by their international competitors, affluent nations may have more powers in influencing political issues in other nations and acquire control over weaker ones, and what is more, ideological clashes may come about amongst trading partner countries regarding the processes in trade activities for example. Specialisation in itself, however, can hinder trade. For example, if a nation is too reliant on one specific industry and the prices dip in that industry, then unemployment will take place dramatically. This is an occurrence in several developing nations and is also applicable, for example, to the West Midlands, UK, a region that is heavily reliant on the auto industry. Factors of productions cannot be easily shifted from one area to another, this is known as factor immobility. For instance, if after International Trade, country/company A would diminish the production of product B, then the labour producing product B cannot easily be shifted and re-trained to produce an additional product C, therefore, unemployment will take place. International trade can also pose as a harm to birth industries in the home nation as well, due to their production costs being high in the infant, early stages. Over-specialisation may have devastating effects if, for example, a war breaks out in a country and imports/exports cease. Therefore, the nation never specialises wholly due to political/strategic factors. In addition, if imports exceed exports, the balance of trade payments would be in the red (negative territory), which, in turn, will harm the home countrys economy and may also result in the devaluation of its currency. Word Count: 2,250