The Digital Divide Essay -- Technology Society

The Digital Divide A new generation is forming the way its members will be written into history books. These are the members of the digital culture, a lifestyle relying on the use of technology and the lucre as a tool of communication and information-sharing. Nevertheless, as with the generations of the past, some individuals are non participating in this new cultural experience. It is common knowledge that some citizens do not use the Internet. Many do not use the Internet simply due to economic or social restrictions that pr counterbalancet them from easily accessing the technology. However, what is not as common is why some members of our society are even choosing not to use the Internet. Access, Civic Involvement, and Social Interaction from the American Behavioral Scientist compare users and nonusers of the Internet across the United States 8% were dropouts in 1995, 11% in 1996, 10% in 1997, and 11.5% in 2000 (Katz et al., Access 411). http//www.scil s.rutgers.edu/jimkatz/publications.htm No matter how small the statistic is, a choice not to use the Internet moldiness have logical reasons and may result in conflicting effects. However, while it shows the amount of never users to be shrinking, the amount of former users is growing, implying that some people are already put down off the Internet while most are logging on. A lack of participation in the digital culture could have an effect on society, including both those who use the Internet, and those who do not. It is possible that either users or nonusers could have an advantage in the end due to their choice. Although the numbers are a minority, the nonusers must be analyzed and predictions need to be made about the reasons and effects of not... ...aythornthwaite, Caroline. The Internet in Everyday Life. American Behavioral Scientist. Vol. 45 No. 3, November 2001 363-382.Katz, James, and Philip Aspden. communication theory of the ACM. Vol. 40 No. 4. April 1997.Katz, J ames, Ronald Rice, and Philip Aspden. Access, Civic Involvement, and Social Interaction. American Behavioral Scientist. Vol. 45 No. 3, November 2001 405-419National Telecommunications and Information Administration. A NATION ONLINE How Americans Are Expanding Their Use Of The Internet. folk 2001. 21 February 2003 http//www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/dn/html/Chapter8.htmSources Consultedwww.icdri.org/technology/ indexbp.htmwww.foreignpolicy.com/issue_janfeb_2002/ digital_divide.htmlwww.cliffsnotes.com/internet/www.tpj.org/reports/luddites02/ luddites02.jpgwww.executive.govt.nz/minister/ maharey/divide/01-01.htm

once upon a midnight dreary :: essays research papers

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, is one of the virtually famous poetry lines in America. Edgar Allan Poe had a life most people would think of as crazy. He wrote a famous poem called The Raven that is very strange like most of the poems he wrote.Edgar Allan Poe had a devastating childhood and a dark life as an adult. He was born January 19,1809, under the name of Edgar Poe. His father soon devoted Poe and his fate is unknown. When Poe was two years old his mother died. John Allan who was part of the Ellis and Allan Tobacco Merchants then adopted him. Poe attended galore(postnominal) schools because he could never jazz to stay in one school very long. In 1826, he went to the University of Virginia for not even one year and was kicked out because he never pay his gambling debts. Poe started living a dark life after he was kicked out because he had to live on the streets. He married his 13-year-old cousin Virginia Clemm in 1836. He was happy until 184 7 when Virginia Clemm died. He was so unhappy that a year later he attempted suicide. The circumstances of Poes death remain a mystery. But after a visit to Norfolk and Richmond for lectures, he was found in Baltimore in a pitiable condition and taken unconscious to a hospital where he died on Sunday, October 7, 1849. He was buried in the yard of Westminster Presbyterian Church in Baltimore, Maryland.The Raven is a very great poem that has many literary devices and has great meaning. Edgar Allan Poe wrote many poems but The Raven is probably his most famous poem. The Raven was chosen because in 4th grade my teacher study it to the class and since then it has had a lot of meaning. This poem is about a rapping at my chamber door and then he realizes a raven causes the rapping on his chamber door. The raven is always saying Nevermore and then he goes so crazy he kills himself. He dies because the speaker says And my soul from out that fundament that lies floating on the floor/ Shall be lifted- nevermore The Raven contains many literary devices such as symbolism, fables, sensory images, and personification. The raven symbolizes the character conscious. A metaphor in The Raven is the raven being a a thing of evil which is represented throughout the poem.

Pateman On Locke Essay -- essays research papers fc

For years favorable consume theorists had monopolized the explanation of modernsociety. John Locke was among those who advocated this theory of a collectivelyelect set of circumstances. Carole Pate spell, on the other hand rejects many of thepillars of the social contract and specifically attacks certain aspects of Lockes argu workforcetregarding paternalism and patriarchy. Pateman defends her idea that the individual aboutwhich Locke writes is masculine, instead of the gender-encompassing forge of the word"man." Pateman also argues that Locke denies the individuality of women. Instead ofscrapping his entire work, however, she grants him a couple of concessions, evenacknowledging Locke as anti-patriarchal. If John Locke were around to defend histheories, he would probably grant an opinion about the treatment of his work. To accurately discuss Patemans view of Lockes paternal/patriarchal theory, aworking knowledge of the theory itself is necessary. According to Locke &quo tall men bynature are equal"(Second Treatise 43) with the exception of children who have notreached the full state of equality, but must obey their parents. Domestic and political spot is vested in the Father, according to Locke. As he puts it, "the natural fathers offamilies, by an insensible change, became the politic monarchs of them too."(SecondTreatise 42) Locke does not reserve domestic power regarding children solely to theFather, however. Instead he claims that the mother "hath an equal title."(SecondTreatise 30) He even defends the rights of children. Locke argues that children have thesame moral rights as any other person, though the childs inadequate mental facultiesmake it allowable for his parents to rule over him to a limited degree. "Thus we areborn Free, as we are born Rational not that we have actually the work up of either Age that brings one, brings with it the other too." (Second Treatise 30) Locke doesspecify that children are free b ecause of their "fathers title," in addition to beinggoverned by the law of their father. It is less clear in this particular whether Locke is usingthe term "father" to include both parents as the "term" man can be interpreted to meanboth sexes. It is likely, based on the tradition of male heredity prevalent during his time,that Locke liter... ...tical monarchs." Another far-reaching defense Locke couldpose for his theories is a simple clarification of terms. Pateman relies heavily on the factthat Lockes definition of "man" is man, not humanity. If the late philosopher werepresent today he could clarify precisely what he meant by this term, and dispel orsupport Patemans accusation. John Lockes view of the the social contract comes under attack by thecriticism of Carole Pateman. She not only refutes his use of terms, but also accusesLocke of ignoring women. Pateman claims that Locke purposefully left women out ofthe original contract in the same fashion that he denies their individuality. Like mostpeople, Locke would likely defend himself and his theories to the best of his abilities ifhe were able. Either way, Patemans critique provides the opportunity forreexamination of a widely accepted theory and theorist.Works CitedLocke, John. Second Treatise of Government. Indianapolis HackettPublishing Co, 1980.Pateman, Carole. The Sexual Contract. Stanford Stanford UP, 1988.Comments This is an evaluation of modern-feminist philosopher Carole Patemans description of John Lockes theories.

The Causes of Eating Disorders Essay -- Expository Cause Effect Essays

The Causes of Eating Disorders There is no single grounds for eating disorders. A number of factors, including cultural and family pressures, chemical imbalances, and emotional and personality disorders cooperate to produce both anorexia and bulimia, although each disorder is determined by different combinations of these influences. Genetics may also play a small role. Between 40% to 96% of all eating-disordered patients experience depression and anxiety disorders depression is also common in families of patients with eating disorders. Bulimic patients are more likely to fib having emotional disorders and dysfunctional families than are anorexic-restrictor patients. It is not clear, however, whether emotional disorders are causes, results, or both, of eating disorders. Some experts claim that depression does not play a causal role, particularly in anorexia, because eating disorders are rarely cured when antidepressant medication alone is the treatment. The severity of the eating di sorder is also not match with the severity of any existing depression. In addition, depression often improves after anorexic patients begin to gain weight. On the other hand, a number of studies guard detected in some people with severe anorexia and bulimia abnormal levels of certain neurotransmitters (chemical messengers in the brain), particularly serotonin, that are associated with depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. These neurotransmitters remain touch-and-go even in rec all overing patients. Studies are finding that low blood levels of the amino acid tryptophan, a component in food that is essential to the proceeds of serotonin, can produce depression and may also contribute to bulimia. During the dieting stage between binge... ... bingeing and purging by slowing down, thereby increasing the try of weight gain from even normal calorie intake. The process of vomiting and use of laxatives may stimulate the production of natural opioids -- narcotics in the brain th at cause an addiction to the bulimic cycle. Biologic Causes for the Perpetuation of Anorexia Nervosa. Hunger often intensifies depression, which can further reduce self-esteem and confidence, increasing the need for renewed vigilance over weight control, thus perpetuating the cycle. On the other hand, some experts believe that certain anorectic people inherit an unusual amount of natural narcotics that are released in the brain under conditions of starvation and may promote an addiction to the starved state. Starvation can also give a false sense of comprehensiveness due to reduced stomach activity, making it increasingly easy not to eat.

The Ancient Regime :: essays research papers

The Ancient RegimeThe Old Regime took place during the fifteen hundreds and are conflicted by the enlightenment in the middle xvii hundreds. The Old Regime views and ways are different politically and economically then the enlightenment world. The Old Regime thoughts are based upon God and the church service. The battalion believed that God was the ruler of everything and God was what makes things happen and work. People of these times had no concepts of science or reason. People believed that things happened because God made them happen. If you had thoughts that were different than that you had to answer to the church and there could be serious penalties to pay. During the period of the Old Regime, there was no other governing other than the church, which caused serious conflicts for the monarchies of this time because there was a aeonian battle over the power of the people, and who was going to rule over them. The church had the entire rule and the kings of these times would h ave to discuss with and go through the churches sooner they could make any decisions. The reason that they had given so much power to the church was out of fear. The thrown was afraid of making God angry so they would do anything in their power to keep God and the church satisfied. One way of making sure God was happy was to give the power to the church, this include money or taxes that were collected.Womens role in society was hardly important to the people of these times. Women in this time were not thought about very highly. They were thought of and treated as property. Women had it hard in these times, because men were so intent on their superiority over the women. There were hardly any times that women were rulers. In the late fifteen hundreds a man named Francois Hotman wrote Francogallia which is his best known work. In this work he discusses women and how he thought of them. He implied that they were not fit to be rulers or even contribute to the thrown. He discusses some o f his occurrences with women rulers and how they all seemed to demolish what they had been given, and every thing ended up in destruction including their thrown.Religion was a very serious subject in this time, since everything revolved around God and the church religion was the largest part of peoples lives.

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman :: essays research papers

Charlotte Perkins Gil soldierys story, The Yellow Wallpaper, explores the restricted societal roles of both Jane and lavatory. Gilman, a strong supporter of womens rights, focuses on her account with depression through this story (Hill 150). Traditionally, the man must take care of the womanhood both financially and emotionally while the womans role the Great Compromiser at home. Society tends to trap man and woman and prevent them from developing emotionally and intellectually. Although Gilman focuses on the hardships of the woman, she also examines the role of the man in society. Repression generated by social gender roles hinders men and women from acquiring self-individuation.The repression of Jane ties into her lack of exposure to emotional and intellectual stimulus. Janes feminine emotions towards her environment aid in her restraint. Re defending the dominance of masculinity over the restrained female, Jane observes the female figure, who looks as if she is behind bars, i n the convention of the wallpaper (1156). The woman who unsuccessfully attempts to climb out of the pattern symbolizes Janes frivolity in trying to alter feminine societal roles (1158). Significantly, the maternal instincts of Jane remain enslaved due to her surroundings. The nursery, containing windows barred for little children, represents the suppression of Janes maternally duties (1150). Jane is unable to take care of her own baby. The garden which Jane can view through her barred windows, stands for her fertility which she is incapable of obtaining (1149). Intentionally, Janes intellectual prowess remains held back. Beginning to write for a while in a journal against the wishes of those around her, represents the suppression of Janes attempt at creative stimulus (1149). The chickenhearted wallpaper hinders Janes recovery in that it confuses her whenever she attempts to decipher its meaning (1151). Johns repression results from the absence of his feminine side. Spirituality, a part of the human psyche of which John lacks, accounts for his repression. Jane feels that John has no patience with faith, justifying his stubborn behavior and the detraction of his masculinity (1148). An ideal attribute for one attempting to obtain self-individuation is a concern for faith, which is not present in John (1148). Johns scarcity of feminine emotions accounts for his repression. John shows no understanding of Janes need for an intellectual stimulus, signifying his lack of intuition (1150). For John, everything must be put down in figures (1148) in order for him to make sense out of anything, illustrating his stronghold on the stereotypically obstinate man (1155).

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman :: essays research papers

Charlotte Perkins Gilmans story, The Yellow Wallpaper, explores the restricted societal places of both Jane and keister. Gilman, a strong supporter of womens rights, focuses on her trace with depression through this story (Hill 150). Traditionally, the man must aspire care of the woman both financially and emotionally while the womans role remains at home. Society tends to trap man and woman and prevent them from developing emotionally and intellectually. Although Gilman focuses on the hardships of the woman, she also examines the role of the man in society. Repression generated by social gender roles hinders men and women from acquiring self-individuation.The repression of Jane ties into her lack of exposure to emotional and intellectual stimulus. Janes feminine emotions towards her environment aid in her restraint. Representing the dominance of masculinity over the restrained female, Jane observes the female figure, who looks as if she is behind bars, in the pattern of the wa llpaper (1156). The woman who unsuccessfully attempts to climb out of the pattern symbolizes Janes chuck-on in trying to alter feminine societal roles (1158). Significantly, the maternal instincts of Jane remain enslaved due to her surroundings. The nursery, containing windows barred for little children, represents the suppression of Janes motherly duties (1150). Jane is unable to take care of her own baby. The garden which Jane can view through her barred windows, stands for her fertility which she is incapable of obtaining (1149). Intentionally, Janes intellectual prowess remains held back. Beginning to publish for a while in a journal against the wishes of those around her, represents the suppression of Janes attempt at creative stimulus (1149). The yellow wallpaper hinders Janes recovery in that it confuses her whenever she attempts to decipher its meaning (1151). Johns repression results from the absence of his feminine side. Spirituality, a part of the human psyche of which John lacks, accounts for his repression. Jane feels that John has no patience with faith, justifying his stubborn behavior and the detraction of his masculinity (1148). An ideal attribute for one attempting to obtain self-individuation is a concern for faith, which is not present in John (1148). Johns scarcity of feminine emotions accounts for his repression. John shows no understanding of Janes need for an intellectual stimulus, signifying his lack of intuition (1150). For John, everything must be put down in figures (1148) in order for him to make sense out of anything, illustrating his stronghold on the stereotypically obstinate man (1155).

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 19

I galloped through the woods, kicking Mezza nonte to jump over logs, to dash through underbrush, anything to pull in sure I didnt lose sight of Katherine and Anna. How could I see trusted Katherine? How could I possess thought I loved her? I should have killed her when I had the chance. If I didnt catch up to them, Annas blood would be on my hold, too. Just as Rosalyns was.We reached an uprooted tree and Mezzanotte reared up, sending me tumbling approve contendd onto the forest floor. I felt a sharp stab as my temple cracked against a stone. The wind was knocked out of me, and I fought for breath, hunch forwarding it was only a matter of clock onwards Katherine would kill Anna and therefore finish me off.I felt gentle, ice-cold reach lifting me up to a sitting position.No , I gasped. The act of live hurt. My breeches were ripped, and I had a large gash on my knee. parentage flowed freely from my temple.Katherine knelt beside me, using the sleeve of her dress to stave off the bleeding. I observe her licking her lips, then mashing them firmly together. Y oure hurt, she state softly, continuing to apply pressure to my wound. I pushed myself away from her, only if Katherine clasped my shoulder, holding me in place.Dont worry. Remember. Y have my heart,ou Katherine said, holding my gaze with hers. Wordlessly, I nodded. If death was to flow, I hoped it would come quickly. Sure enough, Katherine bared her teeth, and I closed my eyeball, waiting for the agonizing ecstasy of her teeth against my neck. only when nothing came. Instead, I felt her cold skin near my mouth.Drink, Katherine commanded, and I saw a thin gash in her delicate w attaine skin. Blood was trickling from the cut as though through a brook after a rainstorm. I was repulsed and tried to turn my nous away, scarcely Katherine held on to the back of my neck. Trust me. It will help.Slowly, fearfully, I allowed my lips to touch the liquid. Immediately I felt warmth run see my throat. I co ntinued to drink until Katherine pulled her arm away.Thats enough, she murmured, holding her palm over the wound. Now, how do you feel? She sat back on her heels and surveyed me.How did I feel? I touched my leg, my temple. Everything felt smooth. Healed.Y did that, I said incredulously.ouI did. Katherine stood up and brushed her hands together. I noticed her wound, too, was now completely healed. Now tell me why I had to heal you. What are you doing in the forest? Y do itou its not safe, she said, concern be fictionalization her chiding tone.Y . Anna, I murmured, feeling sluggishou and sleepy, as one might feel after a long, wine- infused dinner. I blinked at my surroundings. Mezzanotte was hitched to a tree, and Anna was sitting on a complication, hugging her knees to her chest and watching us. Instead of terror, Annas face was full of confusion as she looked from me, to Katherine, then back to me.Stefan, Anna is one of my friends, Katherine said simply.Does Stefan know? Anna as ked peculiarly, whispering as if I wasnt standing three feet from her.We can trust him, Katherine said, nodding definitively.I absolved my throat, and both girls looked at me.What are you doing? I asked finally.Meeting, Katherine said, gesturing to the clearing.Stefan Salvatore, a throaty voice said. I whirled around and saw a third figure emerge from the shadows. close to without thinking, I held up the vervain from my breast pocket, which looked as useless as a daisy clutched in my hand.Stefan Salvatore, I heard again. I glanced wildly between Anna and Katherine, but their facial expressions were impossible to read. An owl hooted, and I pressed my fist into my mouth to keep from screaming.Its okay, Mama. He knows, Anna called to the shadows.Mama. So that meant collect was also a vampire. But how could she be? She was the apothecary, the one who was supposed to heal the sick, not tear out human throats with her teeth. Then again, Katherine had healed me, and she hadnt torn out my throat. cliff emerged from between the trees, her gaze change on me. How do we know hes safe? she asked suspiciously, in a voice that was much more ominous than the polite tone she used at her apothecary.He is, Katherine said, smiling sweetly as she gently touched my arm. I shivered and clutched the vervain, Cordelias words echoing in my head. This herb could stop the devil. But what if wed all gotten it wrong, and vampires like Katherine werent devils but angels? What then?Drop the vervain, Katherine said. I looked into her large, cat-like eyes and dropped the plant to the forest floor. Immediately, Katherine used the tip of her boot to cover it with pine exactles and leaves.Stefan, you look as though youve seen a ghost, Katherine laughed, turning toward me. But her laughter wasnt mean. Instead, it sounded melodic and musical and slightly sad. I collapsed onto a gnarled tree root. I noticed my leg was shaking and held my hands firmly against my knee, which was now completely smooth, as if the fall had n constantly happened. Katherine took the motion as an invitation for her to perch on my knee. She sat and looked down on me, running her hands through my hair.Now, Katherine, he doesnt look like hes seen a ghost. Hes seen vampires. Three of them. I glanced up at dip as if I were an obedient schoolboy and she were my schoolmarm. She sat down on a nearby rock slab, and Anna perched next to her, suddenly looking much younger than her fourteen years. But, of course, if Anna was a vampire, then that meant she wasnt fourteen at all. My straits spun, and I felt a momentary wave of dizziness. Katherine patted the back of my neck, and I began to breathe easier.Okay, Stefan, Pearl said as she rested her chin on her steepled fingers and gazed at me. First of all, I need you to remember that Anna and I are your neighbors, and your friends. Can you remember that?I was transfixed by her gaze. Pearl then smiled a curious half smile. Good, she exhaled.I nodded dumbly, too overwhelmed to think, let alone speak. We were living in South Carolina right after the war, Pearl began.After the war? I asked, before I could stop myself.Anna giggled, and Pearl cracked a tiny sliver of a smile. The War of Independence, Pearl explained briefly. We were lucky during the war. All safe, all sound, all a family. Her voice caught in her throat, and she closed her eyes for a moment before continuing. My husband ran a small apothecary when a wave of consumption hit town. Everyone was affectedmy husband, my two sons, my baby daughter. Within a week, they were dead.I didnt know what to say. Could I say I was sorry for something that had happened so long ago?And then Anna began coughing. And I knew I couldnt lose her, too. My heart would break, but it was more than that, Pearl said, shaking her head as if caught in her own world. I knew my soul and my looking at would break. And then I met Katherine.I glanced toward Katherine. She looked so young, so innocent. I glanc ed away before she could look at me.Katherine was different, Pearl said. She arrived in town sablely, without relatives, but she forthwith became part of society.I nodded, wondering who, then, was killed in the Atlanta fire that brought Katherine to Mystic Falls. But I didnt ask, waiting for Pearl to continue her story.She cleared her throat. Still, there was something intimately her that was unusual. All the ladies and I talked nigh it. She was beautiful, of course, but there was something else. Something otherworldly. Some called her an angel. But then she never got sick, not during the cold seasons, and not when the consumption began in town. at that place were certain herbs she wouldnt touch in the apothecary. Charleston was a small town then. People talked.Pearl reached for her daughters hand. Anna would have died, Pearl continued. Thats what the doctor said. I was desperate for a cure, wracked with grief and feeling so helpless. Here I was, a woman surrounded by medicine, unable to help my daughter live. Pearl shook her head in disgust.So what happened? I asked.I asked Katherine one day if she knew of anything that could be done. And as soon as I asked, I knew she did. There was something in her eyes that changed. But she still took a few minutes of silence before she responded and thenPearl brought Anna to my chambers one night, Katherine interjected.She saved me, Anna said in a soft voice. She saved me, Anna said in a soft voice. Mother too.And thats how we ended up here. We couldnt stay in Charleston forever, never growing old, Pearl explained. Of course, soon well have to move again. Thats the way it goes. Were gypsies, navigating between Richmond and Atlanta and all the towns in between. And now we have another war to deal with. sightedness so much history really proves to us that some things never do change, Pearl said, smiling ruefully. But there are worse ways to pass the time.I like it here, Anna admitted. Thats why Im s taked well be sen t away. She said that last part as a whisper, and something about her tone make me achingly sad.I thought of the encounter Id attended that afternoon. If Father had his way, they wouldnt be sent away, theyd be killed.The attacks? I asked finally. It had been the one question that had been nagging at me ever since Katherines confession. Because if she didnt do it, then who ?Pearl shook her head. Remember, were your neighbors and friends. It wasnt us. We never would behave like that.Never, Anna parroted, shaking her head fearfully, as though she were being accused.But some of our tribe have, Pearl said darkly.Katherines eyes hardened. But its not just we or the other vampires who are causing trouble. Of course, thats who everyone blames, but no one seems to remember that theres a war going on with untold bloodshed. All people care about are vampires. Hearing Damons words in Katherines mouth was like a bucketful of cold water in my face, a reminder that I wasnt the only person in Kat herines universe.Who are the other vampires? I asked gruffly.Its our community, and we will take care of it, Pearl said firmly. She stood up, then walked across the clearing, her feet crunching on the ground until she stood above me. Stefan, Ive told you the story and now here are the circumstances We need blood to live. But we dont need it from humans, Pearl said, as if she were explaining to one of her customers how an herb worked. We can get it from animals. But, like humans, some of us dont have self-control, and some of us attack people. Its really not that much different from a rogue soldier, is it?I suddenly had an image of one of the soldiers wed just played poker with. Were any of them vampires, too?And remember, Stefan, we only know some. There could be more. Were not as uncommon as you may think, Katherine said.And now, because of these vampires we dont even know, were all being hunted, Pearl said, tears filling her eyes. Thats why were meeting here tonight. We need to di scuss what to do and come up with a plan. Just this afternoon, Honoria Fells brought a vervain concoction to the apothecary. How that woman even knows about vervain, I have no idea. Suddenly, I feel like Im an animal about to be trapped. People have glanced at our necks, and I know theyre wondering about our necklaces, piecing together the fact that all three of us always wear them. Pearl trailed off as she raised her hands to the sky, as if in an cheesed off prayer.Quickly, I glanced at each of the women and realized that Anna and Pearl were wearing ornate cameos like the one Katherine wore.The necklace? I asked, clutching my own throat as if I, too, had a mysterious blue gem there.Lapis lazuli. It allows us to walk in daylight. Those of our kind cannot, usually. But these gems protect us. Theyve allowed us to live modal(prenominal)ly and, perhaps, even allowed us to stay more in touch with our human side than we would have otherwise, Pearl said thoughtfully. Y dont knowou what i ts like, Stefan. Pearls matter-of-fact voice dissolved into sobs. Its good to know that we have friends we can trust.I took out my handkerchief from my breast pocket and handed it to her, unsure what else I could do. She dabbed her eyes and shook her head. Im sorry. Im so sorry that you have to know about this, Stefan. I knew from the last time that war changes things, but I never thought its too soon to have to move again.Ill protect you, I heard myself saying, in a voice that didnt quite sound like mine.But but how? Pearl asked. Far off in the distance, a branch broke, and all four of us jumped. Pearl glanced around. How? she said again, finally, when all was still.My fathers leading a charge in a few weeks. I felt a tiny pinprick of betrayal as I said it.Giuseppe Salvatore. Pearl gasped in disbelief. But how did he know?I shook my head. Its Father and Jonathan Gilbert and Honoria Fells and mayor Lockwood and Sheriff Forbes. They seem to know about vampires from books. Father has an old volume in his study, and together they came up with the idea to lead a siege.Then hell do it. Giuseppe Salvatore is not a man to have his opinions easily swayed, Pearl stated.No, maam. I realized how funny it was to call a vampire maam. But who was I to say what was normal and what wasnt? Once again, my mind drifted to my brother and his words, his casual laughter when it came to Katherines true nature. Maybe it wasnt that Katherine was evil, or uncommon at all. Maybe the only thing that was uncommon was the fact that Father was fixated on eradicating the vampires.Stefan, I promise that nothing Ive said to you was a lie, Pearl said. And I know that we will do everything in our power to hold in that no more animals or humans are killed as long as were here. But you simply must do what you can. For us. Because Anna and I have come too far and gone through too much to simply be killed by our neighbors.Y wont be, I said, with more convictionou than I ever had in my life. Im not sure what Ill do yet, but I will protect you. I promise. I was making the promise to the three of them, but was looking only at Katherine. She nodded, a tiny spark igniting in her eyes.Good, Pearl said, reaching out her hand to help a sleepy-eyed Anna to her feet. Now, weve been here in the forest too long. The less were seen together, the better. And, Stefan, we trust you, she said, just the tiniest hint of a warning in her otherwise rich voice.Of course, I said, grabbing Katherines hand as Anna and Pearl walked out of the clearing. I wasnt worried about them. Because they worked at the apothecary, they could get away with walking in the middle of the night they could easily tell anyone who saw them that they were searching for herbs and mushrooms. searching for herbs and mushrooms.But I was scared for Katherine. Her hands felt so small, and her eyes looked so frightened. She was depending on me, a thought that filled me with equal amounts of pluck and dread.Oh, Stefan, Kather ine said as she flung her arms around my neck. I know everything will be fine as long as were together. She grabbed my hand and pulled me onto the forest floor. And then, lying with Katherine amid the pine needles and the damp earth and the smell of her skin, I wasnt frightened anymore.

Mobile telecommunication

winding ph onenesss are now seen as necessities rather than luxuries and foodstuff penetration (the per centage of the population leting mobile phones) Is really high and growing. A recent report put grocery store place penetration In the western E as a whole at 90 per cent In 2004 and predicted that this will rise to 100 per cent by 2007. In or so European countries (including the ELK) penetration is in excess of 100 per cent as individuals have more than one mobile phone.This high level of securities industry penetration in the developed world does not mean that the haphazardness is saturated as the advent of 36 technology has opened up the market and will lead to people trading up to more high-priced phones. In addition there is an explosion of demand In the developing world. Current competition It Is necessary to look at two aspects of the market as they are Inextricably linked together the market for mobile handsets and the market for entanglement operators. In both cases the market is oligopolies, as Tables 13. 13 and 13. 4 show. The market leader for handsets is Monika. However, its position is under threat -its market share in the UK in 2002 was 52 per cent. Ionians main problem was the failure to recognize and meet the change magnitude demand for camera flip-phones. It responded to this criticism by launching a new range of seven handsets in April 2005. The percentages shares of the other manufacturers remained fairly constant between 2002 and 2004, although lumber is a new entrant and the others group increased Its market share from 10 per cent to 18 per cent.The market for mobile phone handsets in the UK shaper Monika Siemens Sony Ericson Samsung Motorola Others % share of the I-J market, 2004 36 10 18 Table 13. 3 The market for network operators in the UK Network Avoidance Orange 02 T- liquid Virgin Mobile 3 Tests % share of the UK market, 2004 25 17 01 source Minute, 2004 There are three oversize providers of mobile networks in the I-J, with very little between them in terms of market share. In 2002 Orange was the market leader with 27 per cent of the market while Avoidance accounted for 26 per cent of the market 3 and Tests are new entrants to the market.The market for pay-as-you-go mobile phones is approximately twice the size of the contract market. Power of buyers Mobile phones are primarily for personal use (by 65. 2 per cent of adults) rather than business use (4. 8 per cent of adults). Statistically, the user of a mobile phone is most likely to be single, young and female. foresee 13. 3 shows the proclaimership of mobile phones in the I-J by age. Ownership is lowest in the 55 years and over age group and the handset manufacturers and network operators recognize this. 2 is working with Saga (the insurance group for the over ass) to launch a deal for the over-ass and Avoidance launched a new handset called Simply in May 2005 which is aimed at the older racket it has an light(a)-to-read screen and larg er buttons and does not carry many of the more complex features. Figure 13. 3 Source Keynote, 2005 Although buyers cannot work out a great deal of market power, the high level of competition and easy availability of information on handset prices and network operators means that it is easy to shop around for the best deal.Threat of new entry The barriers to entry in this industry were very high and included chafe to networks, the cost of license purchase and the cost of brand building. In recent years these barriers have fallen dramatically. The advent of virtual networks has reduced the necessity for access to a network. Virgin is a mobile virtual network operator (NOVO) as it buys spare capacity from T-Mobile and sells it on to consumers. Tests and 02 have a similar relationship.At one time the handset manufacturers overly had to manufacture the base stations (used to provide mobile phone coverage) which were very expensive to produce. This was a very effective cost barrier to entry for smaller handset producers. This is no longer necessary as radio chips and other software can increasingly be bought off the shelf. Manufacture of handsets is being subcontracted by some of the larger handset manufacturers and these subcontractors themselves are starting to sell handsets under their own name.Been is an example of such a company. If this starts to happen on a large scale, there will be a threat to the position and market share of the incumbent market leaders. In Table 13. 13 the category of others grew from 10 per cent in 2002 to the 18 per cent shown in the table for 2004. A further threat to the position of handset manufacturers is the manufacture of handsets by the mobile operators themselves Orange, for example, sells own brand handsets. This has the effect of tying the handset user into the operating network.In the ELK, there is evidence that there is room for new entrants Sends for example, claims a 5 per cent market share in the I-J in 2005. Sends was founded in the UK in 1999 and initially supplied handsets to the network operators. It now supplies handsets under its own name through Internet sales and in any case through the giant retail supermarket Tests. Another barrier to entry which has fallen in recent years is the switching cost uncured by users when they change between networks.Although users of pay-as you- go still have to pay a fee for unlocking the phone which can amount to as often as EYE. O, operators will provide handsets stark to customers who take out a contract for 12 months. In addition, a major obstacle to changing networks having to change your telephone number now no longer exists. Although there are no obvious substitutes for the mobile phone, there a number of developments in this area. The advent of 36 technology which was launched in 2004 mainly for business customers will be extended to personal users by the end of 2005.This will offer better features like AD effects and faster access to the In ternet and games. New products will offer the ability to watch films and sporting events as they happen. BIT has developed a hybrid phone called BIT amalgamation which was launched in June 2005. Fusion operates as a mobile phone when outside the home but switches to the cheaper broadband line when the phone is inside the home. This reduces the cost of usage. Mobile email is seen as a growth area as Microsoft launched a new version of theWindows operating system designed specifically for mobile phones in May 2005. This is mainly used by business but could easily be extended into personal use. Power of suppliers The large manufacturers now subcontract much of their manufacturing to smaller subcontractors like Sends (mentioned above). On the one hand, this gives them increased flexibility in production but, on the other, it allows the subcontractors to enter the market and eventually to compete in their own right what is there to stop the operators bypassing the handset manufacturer s completely?It is likely that this development will change the power relations between the handset manufacturers and their suppliers and could possibly resultant in co-production and co-marketing of the handsets in the longer term. In the race for market share, manufacturers and operators have to offer maximum quality and range of services. The content becomes crucial. The exploitation of the G market requires the best range of content and handset manufacturers are negotiating deals with content suppliers Avoidance has teamed up with Disney and Sony to provide content for their phones.These large organizations will undoubtedly have some degree of market power over the handset manufacturers simply because of their size and already established market power. From this analysis it can be seen that, although this market is one with very high market penetration, it is not a saturated market. There is scope for new entry to the market and for the development of new products and new marke ts. The market conditions which gave rise to domination by the large vertically integrated giants like Monika and Motorola have largely disappeared and smaller manufacturers are entering the market.

Anne Hutchinson and Puritan Leadership

Anne Hutchinson and Puritan Leadership Anne Hutchinson was a strong willed and intelligent charwoman that lived in 1637 in the Massachusetts Bay colony. She opposed both John Winthrop, governor of the colony, as well as the Puritan perform leaders who had a contrasting set of beliefs from her, and make up the court of elected officials that assisted the governor. She was banished from the colony in 1638 on charges of blasphemy, because she claimed to have direct and divine inspiration from the Holy Spirit, in a Puritan community it was thought that only preachers and other church leaders could see theology, this idea was known as the covenant of works.Anne Hutchinson was a worshipper in the covenant of grace where God could show himself to anyone at anytime. Anne Hutchinson had a bold personality, many problems with Puritan leadership and their beliefs, and was banished from the colony on charges of blasphemy in a controversial trial. Anne Hutchinson was a very(prenominal) pos itive(p) and bold woman, and unlike many other women in colonial lifestyle she spoke her mind. Her intellect was very strong, and she outwitted Governor Winthrop and the jury of her trial for many days.She believed very heavily that men and women were equal in the eyes of God, and thought that the covenant of works being preached by the Puritan preachers was incorrect. Anne Hutchinson was an excellent speaker, which was demonstrated in her court trial where she bashed most of the charges against her with her high intellect. Hutchinson also led discussions on the sermons from the Puritan preachers with other women after church using her interpretation of what God was really trying to say.Anne Hutchinson was a strong believer in predestination an, idea developed by John Calvin. preordination is the belief that God has already chosen those few people for salvation. In her interpretation Anne Hutchinson thought that actions did not matter towards salvation because God had already made his choice, this theory is also known as the covenant of grace. She opposed the Puritan Ministers who for the most part thought and preached that if you do and achieve certain things then God will save you, ideas from the covenant of works.That is why she held discussions on sermons for her followers, after she received divine inspiration from God, because she felt that Puritan preachers were not interpreting Gods word correctly. After openly and publicly disagreeing with the teachings of the Puritan preachers and holding her discussions about their sermons Anne Hutchinson was taken into court by Governor John Winthrop on counts of disturbing the quietude and slandering the ministry. After a long and back and forth trial Anne Hutchinson was charged with blasphemy and sentenced to banishment from the colony.The trial was controversial because she really had not done anything illegal, besides because of the notion that women should be submissive to men in the colonies, and her defyi ng the church were strongly frowned open especially by men. It was also a male dominated society, so Anne Hutchinson did not ever really have a chance for a totally unbiased trial. Such as the one Roger Williams received, he was tried for several(prenominal) of the same things Hutchinson was tried for, but because of his gender probably received more of a fair trial because of his gender.Williams was not banished from his colony, where Hutchinson was banished from the Massachusetts Bay colony on the charges of blasphemy. She was convicted of this because in the beliefs by the Puritan preachers only preachers and other church leaders could receive any type of divine inspiration, so being a woman it was impossible for her to receive any divine inspiration. Anne Hutchinson was still very important though as she helped found the colony of Rhode Island with her beliefs.She was a very strong confident woman taking care of her 15 kids in the Rhode Island wilderness. And even though she di d not receive a totally fair trial, because in that time halt it was frowned upon for anyone to speak out against the church especially a woman she had a lasting impact on the way men thought about the word of honor of women. Anne Hutchinson was a woman who had a bold personality and although being a Puritan herself believed that Puritan preachers were wrong, and was eventually banished to Rhode Island for it.

Fireweed – Trip to Wales!

I am called Bill and I live with my auntie and father in London. My become is dead and my father always said I was never to be sent away as an evacuee. When my father was called up for active service in the army I was left with my auntie. We wrote numerous letters to my father unless he never replied to any of them. My auntie started to moan and groan about not being able to manage me. So, she resolved to send me of as an evacuee, even though it was once against my fathers wishes. Auntie wrote to my father and said that I was being sent to another(prenominal) part of the country as an evacuee (not explaining why she sent me).I didnt even know where I was going, all al unitary without any money at all, not even a penny for a stamp to write to my father. The station was jam packed with children of all ages. Everyone had a bag, enclosed was a change of wearing apparel and a label attached with an address written in capital letters to make it stand out. Two trains passed before, our s finally arrived. I was stuck in a rigging with mostly girls in uniform. Opposite me sat a great fat woman dressed all in blue, hairy tweed. As the locomote progressed we passed station after station, nobody knew where we where going.Until finally the train stopped and everyone disembarked. Darkness was falling and after waiting half an hour another train came and our carriage was joined on the back. By now it was pitch black. Eventually we reached our destination, which turned out to be Wales. Once of loaded everyone was counted and put with a billeting officer who would recollect us billets in which to stay. One by one each child was chosen and I was last to go. The man took me up a pathway and by this stage I was feeling a tiny bit unwanted, neglected, and rather orphaned.He spoke in welsh to the people and after some vox populi they took me in. I stepped inside into a big farm kitchen where a great log fire was blazing like a forest rapidly animated down. The heat was inco nceivable. Served on the tabletop on that point was bread, cheese and also a cold roast chicken. My stomach matte empty I was famished and the sight of nutriment made the rumbling noises even worse. They asked my age and I replied fifteen. At last I was offered something to eat and then shown to my bedroom. The couple I was staying with were called Mr and Mrs Williams living with them were two shepherds, David and Evan.They merely spoke a word of English just enough to cope with weighty me things. In this welsh valley there were two chapels, no church building and no cottages only rows of terraced houses. It was rather poor at that. I spent a lot of time on my bed reading an aged repeat of the womans weekly, which Mrs Williams stored under the staircase. When the billeting officer came round to see how I was getting on with the Williams, they seemed quite content with me. Feeling rather bored, I finally plucked up the courage and asked if there was a school nearby which I coul d attend.In the village there was only a primary school that was for juvenile children, solely Mrs Williams suggested the grammar school on the other side of the mountains. The only trouble was how would I get there? The only option would be to get the bus. Yet again a problem arose. The bus fair I had no money. So out came pen and paper to write a letter to my auntie telling her about the grammar school and asking if she could write to father and ask him to send me money for the bus fare. I also asked for my fathers address.I posted the letter in the post office at the back of the village shop I waited for a reply but no letter came. An unusual thing happened one day, Mrs Williams approached me saying that she needed to check my hair for lice. Naturally enough I refused argued and ran out of the house until I came to a dip. I decided to jump but slipped and fell into heavy disinfectant that burnt my mouth and nose. I swallowed several mouthfuls. David and Evan who had been trying t o catch me were in stitches of laughter. I was so angry I felt like a raging bull.When I gathered myself together I began to shake all over this made David and Evan very concerned. They took me back to the house and as I stood by the fire they stripped my wet clothes that were laden with disinfectant of me. Afterwards I went to bed. The following morning to my delight Mrs Jones informed me that there was post for me. My heart pounded like the footsteps of an elephant. In actual fact I received two letters The first opened was from my auntie. Enclosed was my fathers address, a restrain of stamps and she hoped I would write to him often.The other letter, number two was from my father. He missed me a lot. My father had sent me three whole pounds This was the biggest amount of money I had ever been given in my life. This overwhelmed me. My first thoughts were to calculate how many bus fares would this pay for. Then I got to thinking about Auntie and home and decided that I would use th e money for my train fare back to London. Leaving Mr and Mrs Williams, David, Evan and the terraced houses behind I left for the station. The timetable showed only one train per day at the village.The man at the ticket desk stared at me as though he were looking right through me. When I saw him, I was frightened that he would recognise me so I put plan B into action. I walked to the crossroads. Owestry =15 miles. I looked down at my worn garment there was a station at Owestry. I bought a pair of boots so I could walk to Owestry as I had a funny feeling my old shoes wouldnt make it. I set off not having the foggiest how long it would take me to walk there. I bought a brown bap from a bakery van, which I met out of doors the village. When I arrived in Owestry it was late afternoon.I found the station and waited for the train to leave. It left and hour and a half late. Once I reached London I caught the bus home. Suddenly it took a wrong turn Then I was told that the street no longer stood. I got of the bus as quick as my legs could carry me. I walked to my aunties house and everything was grand until a warden stopped me asking where I was going. I was totally bewildered they wouldnt even let me my own home. nada was there to look after me. My auntie was not there any more. I was going to stay put I decided at least until my father came home. I was determined about this.

Comparison Between the Taming of the Shrew and 10 Things I Hate About You Essay

In the characterisation 10 Things I Hate close You, in that location are a lot of similarities to The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare. For example, most of the similarities earn to do with index finger relationships, courtship and dating, and sisters. The main characters in both the paper and picture have the same personalities. Bianca is played as the perfect innocent teenager and Kate is portrayed as a spiteful, bad tempered person. Also, their father is calm down very strict. As one would think, the themes between these two pieces are very alike as well.The theme of many people wanting to all fancy the same person relates to both of these pieces. For example, in the movie the two boys are fighting over who moves Bianca, just like in Shakespeares writing. Both of the plots have the same general idea too. They are both about a younger sister forbidden to picture/marry before the cruel elderly sister does so. Both stories have similarities and differences in pl ot, theme and characters. Bianca and Kate are sisters who face sibling rivalry between each other.It is more apparent in the movie of 10 Things I Hate About You that Kate is resentful towards Bianca for being favored by their father. It is obvious to her that Bianca is appreciated more than her. One of the most noticeable power relationships is between Batista and his daughters Kate and Bianca. This is because he makes it very clear that Bianca isnt allowed to marry until Kate is married, yet in the movie they are only allowed to date. Also, Bianca knows that her father compares her to Kate when he says that she is not allowed to date until Kate does first.A different type of relationship shown in these stories is deception. The female ideas on courtship/dating in this movie is very different from in Shakespeares writing. For example, in the modern movie it is more common to date and isnt so serious as in the writing of The Taming of the Shrew because they ordinarily get married yo ung. Shakespeare made the writing of The Taming of the Shrew universal so that any audience can understand it and enabled it to be made into a modern film. Although there are many similarities there had to be different changes made so that the movie would appeal to people nowadays.Something that was stressed more in the modern movie was the dishonesty and deception with who Kate was dating/marrying. In the movie, her date was paid to take her out and she eventually found out the truth and was very upset but in the story written by Shakespeare, she did not figure it out and lived happily ever after. It is more common for modern viewers to relate to the perfidiousness and it was expected more because of the circumstances. Overall, The Taming of the Shrew and 10 Things I Hate About You are very similar and bring back an old tale with a modern twist that everyone can relate to.

Cross Dressing

Cross preparation is considered one of societys abnormal ideas because of stereotypical grammatical gender roles. Stereotypical gender roles ar verbalise as, biological females are feminine and biological males are virile. Cross ski binding does non represent the gender specific roles in which human beingpower and women are guess to follow. The idea of men and women acting and dressing like their opposite sex is un hopeable to the reality that they face. The movie The Bird Cage supports the idea that societys stereotypical views on cross dressing remains unchanged.Society is not understanding of what is considered different from the normal. The stereotype that men are masculine and women are feminine is not the reality of gender versus sex. In Sexual Mythologies by Brian Pronger, he states that Sex is a physiological distinction that is drawn between male and female, whereas gender is a cultural distinction that divides power between men and women. (226) This represents th e misconception that men are masculine and women are feminine. In reality gender is developed by cultural influence, and sex is genetic.In the movie The Bird Cage, Albert is born a male, yet chooses to become feminine, therefore suggesting that men do not have to be masculine honourable because genetics say so. Cross dressing is defined as men who dress feminine and women who dress masculine, although society reacts more to men dressing as women as opposed to women dressing as men. Women dressing as men keister be considered a tomboy which is common in society, whereas men dressing as women would be considered homosexual or transsexual. Why is it that women can wear mens clothing, but men cannot wear womens clothing?Society travel tos dresses as a representation of femininity and men are suppose to be masculine, and therefore men cannot wear dresses. Although pants are originally worn only by men, but because of changes in time pants are considered unisexual. For instance, a wo man walking down the street in pants people probably do not even notice that she is wearing pants. But if a man walks down the street in a dress, peoples eyes will turn and they will begin whispering. Why should a man be looked at any differently in comparison to any woman?In the movie The Bird Cage, the society of South Beach is not a stereotypical norm. There are many another(prenominal) homosexual and cross dressers within the city, and it is not considered abnormal. Armand and Albert are proud owners of a club that presents a nightly drag show. Their son, Val, is engaged to Senator Keeleys daughter, Barbara. Val wants both families to meet, but the Keeley family does not know that Vals parents are homosexual and run a drag show. Senator Keeley is a conservative man, and morally does not support homosexuals. Senator Keeley represents the stereotypical views of society.Armand makes a good point about how society feels about homosexuals and cross dressers. Albert, these people are right-wing conservatives. They dont care if youre a pig, they just care if youre a fag This quote represents the views of society about homosexual people or cross dressers. Armand pretends to be a straight man by showing how masculine he is by saying Al, you old son of a bitch How ya doin? How do you feel about that call forthwith? I mean the Dolphins Fourth-and-three play on their 30 yard line with only 34 seconds to go This shows that stereotypically men are suppose to be masculine and a sport that represents masculinity is football. Society has remained unchanged in their views about cross dressing because they choose to becharm and believe only what they want to see and hear. Why is it that a woman can wear pants? Back in the 19th century women were not allowed anything else except a dress. Society can accept this change because of the influence of time and the boldness of women. In The Bird Cage, Louise Keeley (the senators wife) makes a great example of how society only p erceives what it wants to perceive. Why, it looks like preadolescent men playing leapfrog Is it Greek? In reality Louise Keeley is look at a piece of china with pornographic pictures of young men. Louise Keeley does not see what is really there because she blinds herself in order to shield herself from what is considered immoral and in a sense horrible. Society also tries to hide and shield themselves from situations that they do not like, such as homosexuals, homeless people, cross dressers, etc. Just because society wants to blind itself, does not mean that these people do not exist.Cross dressing is viewed as wrong in the eyes of a stereotypical society. Biological men and women are supposed to be masculine and feminine respectively. Cross dressing is not considered a norm in society. This idea is seen through the movie The Bird Cage. In reality sex does not determine gender, as equal by Brian Pronger in Sexual Mythologies. Therefore sex cannot determine gender, but society w ill always view what it wants to see. Unless society can learn to accept people for who they are and what they wear, then we will have a truly have a society where there are no stereotypes.

To Kill a Mockingbird Review

harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird is regarded as one of the great pieces of literature of its time. It is universally respected because the author uses the common experience of growing up, through the eyes of his narrator finder, to speak around intense topics such as racism, injustice, and prejudice in the Southern United States in the 1930s. Atticus Finch states during the story, you never genuinelyly understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and base on balls around in it. Harper Lee helps us understand the issues that matter to him in To Kill a Mockingbird using the universal experience of growing up through the eyes and skin of a child, the main character and narrator, Scout Finch. In the beginning, Scout has a great deal of respect for her father, Atticus. Although, she has a tremendous amount of respect for him, her attitude toward him is self-centered and childish. She feels that he is an old man and cant do actuall y much.After the trial of Tom Robinson however, Scout check offs her father put himself in a very dangerous position, risking his life to fight for what he believes is right by defending an innocent moody man in the racist south. Her father teaches her, In our courts, when its a white mans word against a black man, the white man always wins. Theyre ugly, but those are the facts of life. by dint of this experience, Scout gains more respect for her father and realizes the sometimes harsh realities of the world she is living in, that life isnt all childish games.She sees that her father is a hardworking man with good morals, who does the right thing til now if its hard and dangerous. In this way, we witness her point of view growing up. It is obvious in the firstborn couple of chapters that Scout has very little patience for everyone and can lose her temper in an instant. For this reason, when pile (mainly children) make her mad even just a little, that she gets in plenty of fi ghts with them and ends up getting in trouble.However, during an afternoon at her house with Aunt Alexandra and her missionary circle, Scout decides that she needs to learn to become a woman. The ladies wore powder and rose, smelled good, and gossiped over coffee cups and refreshments. Scout admits, I wondered at the world of women There was no inquiry about it, I must soon enter this world, where on its surface fragrant ladies rocked slowly, fanned gently, and drank poise water. During this luncheon, its one of the first times in the story you see Scout attempt to contain her words more carefully and care what others were thinking of her. In this way, you see Scout attempting to have a more grown up manner of acting. Scouts ability to see the world through other peoples eyes changes throughout the course of the story, but finally at the end when she meets Boo Radley. At first, Scout and her brother Jem were very curious along with being scared of Boo Radley.They wanted to see wh o he was so badly that they tried peeking into the Radley house but were unsuccessful. However, at the end when Boo saves Jem and Scout from being killed by Bob Ewell and Scout finally meets Boo, she realizes that he really isnt a very bad or scary man after all. She walked Boo home and stood on the Radley front porch and aphorism the world from Boos point of view. A quote came from Atticus when Scout told him he was real nice, and Atticus replied Most people are Scout, when you finally see them.

Aaron Zuniga-Bennett Essay

In the early mid-eighties, the the S cut priceesn people elected Ronald Reagan as prexy of the get together States of the States. more an(prenominal) people claim that Reagan was one of the greatest presidents of all(prenominal) in all time, while others entrust that the country would see been some(prenominal) better off had Reagan never been elected. Regardless of their political preferences, it is undeniable that Ronald Reagan changed the macrocosm in the 1980s and his decease as president bequeath be forever remembered in the countless books of history. Ronald Reagan ran as a republican and was the absolute spirit of a conservative. He overworked to bring frontward the paragon of conservatism in America and victoriously captured and isolated that tone in the government. As president, Reagan worked to bring the ideal of American exceptionalism back to the country, to get up the economy on the right track, and to end the commie threat that had been present since the end of World war II. For all practical purposes, Ronald Reagan was a president who accomplished more than he set forth to do and did so famously some would say infamously. Nonetheless, Reagan accomplished more in his eight year presidency than most presidents of the 20th Century.He is widely hailed as the man who ended the frigid warfare and will forever be remembered as the man who led to the conservative resurgence in America. He was a man of profound ability and charm and America is better off for having Reagan as the Commander-in-Chief during the latter component part of the 20th Century. Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois. His mother, Nelle, was a home dispatchr and his father, Jack, was a traveling salesman (Ronald Reagan). The Reagan family moved lots as Jack searched throughout the state for work and Ronald Reagan grew up in a very paltry family. Despite the hardships his family encountered, Reagan graduated from high school in Dixon, Il linois and earned a football scholarship to pay heed Eureka College (Reagan, American Life 43). After graduating from Eureka, Reagan pursued a career in Hollywood where he starred in over fifty movies and eventually became the president of the mask Actors Guild. As president of the Screen Actors Guild, Reagan worked to remove all suspected Communists from Hollywood all the while encouraging conservative values in the liberal slanted film industry. In 1964, the former actor, RonaldReagan, delivered a nationally televised political speech on behalf of conservative presidential candidate Barry Goldwater.The speech became one of Reagans most fundamental speeches that completely changed his life. In his speech, Reagan presented the country with his ideals of a perfect country, supported by his conservative values. He also spoke virtually how America needs a strong national defense, a reduction of taskes, and the need to get over the Communist threat in the Soviet Union. He also stat ed, We will preserve for our children this, the last best intrust for man on earth, or we will sentence them to take the last step into a kelvin eld of darkness (Reagan, Speaking 36). After his speech, Reagan was approached by many influential Republicans who urged him to run for Governor of California. His speech, on behalf of Barry Goldwater became one of his greatest triumphs. Reagan initially ref practise when he was asked to run for governor nevertheless, many influential Republicans got together and create a fundraising group called Friends of Reagan. They raised a great deal of money and in 1966 Reagan defeated the demand Democrat Governor of California (What Would Reagan Do?). At that moment, his political career began and in 1981, Reagan assumed the office as President of the joined States of America.Throughout his presidency, Reagan set America on a lineage to defeat the Communist threat in the Soviet Union, to boost military funding, to cut taxes, and to return opt imism to the American people. Reagan worked relentlessly to accomplish his goals and in the process changed the world. some(prenominal) of his critics view the 1980s as a decade of rigid wealth and avaritia and they praise Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev for ending the chilly War. From the beginning of his presidency, Ronald Reagan worked to end the Cold War, not to appease the Soviets. Former presidents had worked to open relations with the Soviet Union. President Nixon had formed via media and Carter worked to appease the Communists. However, Reagan rejected Communism, dtente, and containment, and set us on a course to win not negociate the Cold War (The groovy One).Reagan met several times with General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union, and together they worked to compromise and create treaties that would eliminate the threat of picayune range nuclear weapons. Many of the meetings with Gorbachev were productive, yet Reagans ideal of foreign policy was not as clearly defined as many of his critics may urinate wished.The Reagan organisation dealt with foreign policy on the manner of Peace through Strength, they worked to isolate any world menace and to direct all immediate attention to that threat. This ideal of foreign policy worked to threaten the Soviet Union and to make them aware that any danger they may pose would be dealt with in a quick and decisive manner. In 1983, Reagan ordered the United States Marines to invade Grenada. A coup dtat was taking place and a revolutionary group was trying to take control of the government to adjust with the Marxist Soviet Union (Reagan, American Life 449).Although the troops were and in Grenada for a short period of time, they did suppress the threat of a Communist uprising and Reagan shocked the world with his tough spot on global threats. During his presidency, Reagan increased national defense spending by 35 percent and began make nuclear weapons at an unprecedented rate (Ronald Rea gan). In 1986, one American serviceman was killed in a bombing in Berlin that injured 63 other members of the American military. It became evident within hours that the terrorist attack had been mean and carried out by Muammar Qadhafi, the leader of Libya. Reagan was quick to order an air raid on key backdrop targets in Libya. The strike was a success and many important buildings were destroyed. Reagan addressed the nation shortly after(prenominal) the air raid and made several comments that were illustrative of his firm stance against terrorist actions.He said, When our citizens are mistreat or attacked anywhere in this world we will respond so long as Im in this Oval Office, and to terrorist leaders around the world he said, He Qadhafi counted on America to be passive. He counted wrong (Reagan, Speaking 288). With that speech, Reagan imposed his views upon the world and he let the country admit that he would not succumb to any foreign national threat. For all practical purpos es, nearly all of the military actions of the 1980s were directed in some manner towards the Soviet Union. The preemptive attacks on Grenada and Libya were utilize as threats against the Soviet Union and were meant to be symbolic of the fact that America would not hesitate to act.Reagan used his strong military presence as a threat against the Soviets and many of Reagans naysayers still believe he used force in a manner contradictory to the astute power of the President of the United States. However, the Reagan politics used their military ability to inflict guardianship into all Communist threats worldwide. The politicalphilosopher, Niccolo Machiavelli, speaks of powerful leaders, he writes, it is much safer to be feared than loved (Machiavelli 66). Therefore, regardless of what criticizers may say, it would seem that Reagans use of military force throughout the world was effective and that Gorbachev feared his American equivalent. Reagan used his superiority to his advantage wh en he met with Gorbachev to discuss the reduction of nuclear missiles.During the 1980s, Reagan increased the defense spending more than any president had through before it was a part of his Peace through Strength foreign policy. During this time, the production of nuclear missiles surged and the United States found itself in a mini-arms race with the Soviet Union. In principle, the Reagan Administration outspent the Soviets in defense and nuclear weapon production. In an effort to compete, the Soviets bankrupted themselves and had no choice but to dismiss their Marxist values. Between the years of 1985 and 1988, Reagan met with General Secretary Gorbachev four times in Switzerland, Iceland, Washington D.C., and Moscow (Reagan, American Life 545). The meetings in the midst of the two world leaders were dramatic and Reagan walked out of the meeting in Reykjavik, Iceland after Gorbachev failed compromise.The tensions were high during all of the meetings and many people feared that any mistake could lead to an immediate nuclear Armageddon. Fortunately, no nuclear weapons were launched and the Reagan Administration triumphed over the Soviet Union. In 1987, Reagan visited East Berlin and spoke at the Brandenburg Gate. During his speech, he called for an end to Communism and a strengthening of individual liberty. His speech as the Brandenburg Gate is often viewed as one of the most successful speeches of his presidency. While speaking to a crowd of thousands, Reagan said to the General Secretary of the Soviet Union, Mr. Gorbachev, tear downhearted this wall (Reagan, Speaking 352). Two years later, the Soviet Union agreed to tear down the Berlin contend and within the year, Communist nations around Europe began to crumble. Many Democrats in Congress and the mainstream media admired Gorbachev for bringing ataraxis to European countries they praised Gorbachev for surrendering and for keeping the warmongering Ronald Reagan from leading the country on the road to a nu clear war.Many Americans who opposed the Reagan Administration were more than happy to give the credit to the Soviet Union they believed Reagan wastoo overpowering and heartless to have been so successful. Nevertheless, conservative talk show host, Rush Limbaugh writes, The end of the Cold War and the defeat of Communism in the Soviet Union was a clear victory for American values, for the American way of life, for the republican, democratic, free-marked ideals of the United States of America (Limbaugh Ought to Be 230). Therefore, it would seem that Reagan played a major role in bringing an end to the 40 year Cold War. Regardless of the beliefs and values one holds, Ronald Reagan ended the Cold War and suppressed the Communist threat worldwide. He changed the world Although his greatest success may have been bringing closure to the Cold War, Reagan also accomplished a great deal in the United States of America.When he left office in 1989, the economy was breaking records and benefit ting from the longest period of peacetime prosperity without box or depression (Ronald Reagan). People were making money in America and thanks to Reagans tax cuts they were able to keep more of what they earned. The Reagan Administration began an economic policy that became identified as Reaganomics or trickle-down economics. Reaganomics was the belief that tax cuts for the bass, optic class, and poor would work to stimulate the economy. If the rich had more money, they would create more businesses and opportunity, the middle class would then be able to become business owners, and higher the poor. It is a social hierarchy of job creation and the nation experienced 96 months of peacetime economic egression (Limbaugh, Told You So 122). In 1990, George H.W. scrub disbanded the policy of Reaganomics and the 96 months of economic growth ended almost immediately. Many historians, to this day, view the 1980s as a decade of greed where the rich got richer and the poor got poorer. They also discredit the policy of Reaganomics because they do not believe the rich paid their fair share of taxes.However, economic figures are illustrative of how much the rich truly pay in taxes. It seems that the top 1% of income earners pay nearly 40% of all federal income taxes in the United States (What Would Reagan Do?). Therefore, even if the 1980s were deemed as a decade of greed, it would seem that greed is good. Reagan worked to reduce onerous taxes in order to return the wealth to its rightful owners, the workers. The Reagan Administration did not mountain out money rather, they let people keep more of what they had already earned. In return, consumerism rose and the money wasimmediately deposited back into the national economy. Therefore, it would seem that the tax cuts and policy of Reaganomics worked very well in the 1980s the economic growth experienced in that decade has yet to be matched. Regardless of ones political affiliation, it is undeniable that tax cuts work an d the economic policy of the Regan Administration should be implemented into our carcass now, during the present economic crisis. The implementation of tax cuts, both on income and corporations, provided working class Americans with the incentive to work and to achieve.No longer were people afraid of earning the tax cuts prevented hard working Americans from being punished with toilsome and total taxation. This era of economic growth restored a feeling of optimism in America, especially after the calamitys of the Carter Administration and the record setting unemployment rate of the late 1970s. Ronald Reagans policies, both foreign and domestic, made people elevated to be Americans once again. During the 1980s, Americans were not being villainized and condemned, they were being praised. Reagan restored the feeling of confidence in America and brought forth a generation of strong, nationalistic Americans. Ronald Reagan was a success as President of the United States, not only beca use of his charisma and communication skills, nor simply because of his policies. Ronald Reagan was a success because the American people loved him. In 1984, during his escape for a second term, the electorate illustrated their reverie for him and he won in the largest landslide victory ever recorded.He was unanimously re-elected in 49 of the 50 states (What Would Reagan Do?). His unprecedented victory astonished the world and many of his political detractors wondered how he could be so popular. Once again, the political philosopher Machiavelli offers insight into how a person should be a successful leader. Machiavelli wrote in 1513, he should inspire his citizens to follow their pursuits quietly, in trade and in horticulture and in every other pursuit of men, so that one person does not fear to lard his possessions for fear that they be taken away from him, and another to open up a trade for fear of taxes (Machiavelli 91). In essence, Reagan accomplished all of these aforementio ned goals during his presidency. His policy of a strong national defense worked to make people feel comfortable and unafraid of a Communist attack, and his policy of Reaganomics allowed people to become entrepreneurs without a fear of being taxed out ofbusiness.For all practical purposes, Reagan epitomized the values of a good leader as prescribed by Niccolo Machiavelli he restored the power and the faith to the people while simultaneously ruling under(a) the facade of being a decisive and fearful leader when handling foreign threats. In the end, it is plain that Ronald Reagan accomplished a great deal during his court. His most important accomplishments stem from restoring optimism in Americans, the total growth of economic prosperity, and bringing an end to the Cold War. Many of his political opponents still work to destroy the successes of his administration and they blame him for being too demanding and too dangerous. They thought his actions during the 1980s were detrimental to the growth and prosperity of America. On January 11, 1989, during his farewell address to the nation, he said, My friends We did it. We werent just marking time. We made a difference. We made the urban center stronger.We made the city freer, and we left her in good hands. All in all, not questioning, not bad at all (Reagan, Speaking 418). The Reagan Administration was one of growth and success. During his presidency, he changed America, let alone the world, for the better. He had done what no president before him could, he set the nation on a course for unprecedented economic growth, and he led to the downfall of Communism and the Cold War. His opponents viewed him as a failure however, his policies greatly impacted the world. If Ronald Reagan were alive today, he would still be the last best hope for this country. citeCoulter, Ann. What Would Reagan Do?. http//anncoulter.com/cgi-local/article.cgi?article=77. 21 September 2005. Web. 4 April 2014. Limbaugh, Rush. See, I Told Yo u So. New York Pocket Star Books, 1993. Limbaugh, Rush. The Great One. National Review 28 June 2004 36. Academic OneFile. Web. 7. April 2014. Limbaugh, Rush. The Way Things Ought to Be. New York Pocket Books, 1992. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Chicago The University of Chicago Press, 1998. Reagan, Ronald. An American Life. New York Simon and Schuster, 1990. Reagan, Ronald. Speaking My Mind. New York Simon and Schuster, 1989 Ronald Reagan. http//www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/ronaldreagan. Web. 7 April 2014.

Relationship Between Drop Height and Diameter of Plasticine Sphere Essay

PROBLEM A pupil suggest that there is a proportional relationship between prime at which a plasticine world is unloadped and the dia molarity of the flattened part after dropping. Design an experiment to determine if this suggestion is true or not. AIMTo investigate the relationship between the drop height and the flattened part of a plasticine force field after being dropped.HYPOTHESIS As the height of the domain of a function plasticine increases the diameter increases.VARIABLESManipulating The drop height of the battleground plasticineResponding The diameter of the flattened part of the reach. Controlled The size of the ball, the surface area of the drop height and the material from which the land is made. APPARATUS Sphere plasticine, meter regulation, vernier scale caliper, string, define METHODMake a sphere pop of plasticine and amount of money its size exploitation the vernier scale caliper to maintain a constant size throughout the experiment. Get a flat and smoo th surface area.Use a meter ruler to measure 60m in a higher place the surface area and hold the plasticine to the ruler at the 60m and drop it. entwine a charm of string around the flattened part of the sphere and expend a marker to mark glowering where the string stops. Measure the length of the string up to where the mark stops using a meter ruler. Divide the length of the string by 3.14 (pi) to get the diameter. memorialise the drop height and the diameter of the sphere in a table. Roll the plasticine back into a sphere using the measurements from the Vernier caliper. Measure 40m above the surface area using a meter ruler and hold the plasticine to the ruler and drop it from that height.Wrap a piece of string around the flattened part of the sphere and use a marker to mark off where the string stops. Measure the length of the string up to where the mark stops using a meter ruler. Divide the length of the string by 3.14 (pi) to get the diameter. Record the drop height and t he diameter of the sphere in a table. Roll the plasticine back into a sphere using the measurements from the Vernier caliper. Measure 20m above the surface area using a meter ruler and hold the plasticine to the ruler and drop it fromthat height. Wrap a piece of string around the flattened part of the sphere and use a marker to mark off where the string stops. Measure the length of the string up to where the mark stops using a meter ruler. Divide the length of the string by 3.14 (pi) to get the diameter. Record the drop height and the diameter of the sphere in a table. EXPECTED RESULTSThe sphere that has a drop height of 60m should have a larger diameter than the sphere with a drop height of 40m and 20m. The results should be readed in a table. HeightDiameterDATA ANALYSISThe height at which the sphere plasticine is dropped and the diameter are directly proportional therefore as the height increases so should the diameter. If the sphere dropped at 60m has a larger diameter than the sphere dropped at 40m or 20m then the hypothesis is accepted. If the sphere dropped at 20m has a larger diameter than the sphere dropped at 40m or 60m then the hypothesis is rejected. SOURCES OF ERRORS / PRECAUTIONSA spring of error is parallax error and a precaution to take to prevent this error is to do tuitions more than once, record them and find the average. Another source of error is not reading the Vernier scale on the Vernier caliper from the zero mark a precaution to take is to make sure that you start reading the Vernier scale from the zero mark.

What Factors Propelled Many Countries to Implement Import Substitution Industrialisation

What factors propelled many countries to implement Import Substitution industrialisation? To what conclusion did the st sitegy succeed in helping economies to boost growth rates and to overcome equilibrize of payments constraints? According to Braer, import substitution and industrialisation is an attempt by economically less developed countries to fail pop of the world division of labour. Braer 1972), This division of labour meant that the developing nations from Latin America, Africa and East Asia were mainly producers of foods and sensible materials and felt they needed to enter into the world market through mathematical product of manufactured goods that were previously imported. The pulsing for this was the need for growth in their respective economies.A second propelling factor for the implication of ISI in these developing nations is that the firms believed that they needed protection from the free market and their international competitors, while they were in the infa nt stages of development. If odd unprotected firms in the developing nations would have found themselves vulnerable to the low prices of the powerful developed nations who sounding at to exportation goods into the developing nations. A further stimulus for countrys to implement an ISI policy on exports is the industrialisation that had already occurred in various developed nations.The developing nations set out to create a framework on domestic industry that would alter them to gain the technological expertise and infrastructure to enable them to become a permanent competitor in the world market and bridge the gap in the midst of themselves and the more developed nations. These developing nations were located mainly in 3 different areas of the world, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and East Asia. Each engaging in ISI based strategies with a diverse range of methods, to alter success.Further symptoms these nations shared before they implemented ISI strategies are wages world held down by redundance labour, which can usually be attributed to spacious population or lack of non-agricultural employment equating to sorry distribution in the preservation. Strong competition on exports was as well a property of many of the countries needing ISI policies at bottom their economies, in many cases the competition may have been with developed nations who were able to produce with low be due to economies of scale and strong political power.Finally analysts derived from Engel curves the income e closeicity of demand for agricultural products and raw materials declined as the incomes in the more developed nations reaches higher and higher levels, meaning that countries that were undeveloped and still saw kitchen-gardening and raw material production as there lead industries were doomed in terms of being able to experience growth on the back of production mainly to be exported to the north, as bit by bit over time the prices for their products would surely d rop. Bruton 1998) There are many different examples for us to analyse the extent of the success that ISI policies brought to countries economies and their growth rates. Scholars have outlined many issues in implementing policies of ISI these can be empirically referred to through the facts of what happened to countries in the earlier mentioned areas, Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. The policies being the countries in the respective area were similar, differences lay in other areas of the ISI they implemented Nissanke 2001One issue that stands out almost across all of the areas are the problems that arose from implementing ISI to encourage heavy development in industry, through offering supportive policy and dirt cheap finance for manufacturing firms feel to grow within their respective nations. This large transfer of labour between principal(a) and secondary sectors through heavy taxation of agricultural firms, left the traditional primary product export sector was damaged. Also a few of the countries made mistakes in the way in which they injected their capital into the economy in order to stimulate growth. In Latin America for example where the governments created banks that were used to give out funds to firms looking to enter into manufacture but are unable to gain capital in order to set up elsewhere, however in the case of countries like Brazil and Mexico issues arose with their ISI policies, the south American developing nations found themselves lack in strategy and infrastructure.The reason they were found lack is explained by scholars to be down to the policies implemented under ISI, with them fashioning the industry in their countries have often of small firms unable to make up efficiency and reduce costs compared to international competition with bigger firms able to experience economies of scale. The opposite happened in countries like Korea and China, where firms were given more government in plant and large corporations where encourag ed, to allow firms to gain the reviously mentioned economies of scale. In contrast to their European counterparts in the car market who were always looking to increase their exports and consult with competitors both inside and outside their nation in order to reduce production costs and increase efficiency, the closed off nature of the ISI policies that there governments had imposed, car firms were found to be lacking in efficiency of production, management, and human capital.All of this meant that instead of developing in order to compete internationally through reducing imports to increase internal growth, south American firms found themselves unable to compete on price with the world car market, and getting further behind as time went by in terms of efficiency. (Baranson 1969) Tariffs and non-tariff barriers were used by developing nations to help develop their industries and remove problems with their balance of payments caused by impatient competition from external more develo ped economies.However scholars have commented that instead of the desired internationally warring markets in industry and other secondary markets, Economies showed similar attributes, these attributes can be described as ISI syndrome, the initiative feature of this model being a heavy reliance by firms on the central proviso agency (the government) to make strategic decisions and also for finance.This can partly be attributed to the idea that much of the engine room used in developing nations to produce is learnt from firms who operate out of more developed nations (such as the US or the UK). The policies to discourage foreign direct investment from these nations also stopped this source of learning of engineering and also strategy, production methods and management skills.Economists have noted that the effects of this lack of knowledge grew exponentially as the developed nations grew more and more productive, the non developed nations now lacking in FDI from productive firms la gged further behind, making price competition and growth through exports a very difficult task. Exchange rates also caused problems in countries that had implemented ISI, with the conditions following ISI policies being ones of overvalued exchange rates, which then led to unemployment and underutilizations of the nfrastructure of their economies. The lack of employment amaze the growth rates of the economy, as this can only be maximised by utilising the nations spotless work for to as much extent as physically possible. To conclude, in recent years (the last 15) economic policy and literature has been mostly based on outward oriented approach when looking at how a nations should go about developing at a strong growth rate with as little issues with balance of payments and efficiency.This is due to the many advantages of encouraging FDI economies can benefit from. Such as technological skills, management skills, and business strategy knowledge that filter out into other firms opera ting in the nation hosting the FDI. This leaking of knowledge appears to be lacking in the examples talked about above, as the resulting ISI syndrome they experienced showed a lack of these mentioned assets in the firms of Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa.Also we can suggest that the extent to which ISI implementation was productive in these countries may have been reduced due to the government officials abilities who actually put in place the specific tariffs, policies and funding required. It is suggested that many government officials at the time where remnants of previous regimes and sometimes ignored the specific advice of the forward thinking development advisors. This made policy and tariff instruments specific clauses sometimes random causing issues and failures in the market.

Illegal Imigrants Should Be Allowed Essay

This spring, approximately 2. 8 million high school seniors will graduate from various schools around the country. some will get foreverywhere their education at college opposites will join the armed forces or take a nonher path in life. However, a group of rough 65,000 students will be unable to bide on their paths due to their status as prohibited immigrants (Dream). Because of their status of illegal immigrants, it is extremely difficult for them to better their office of life. Therefore, illegal immigrants should be allowed to depend overt universities.Illegal immigrants be already allowed to attend our public schools from the lementary level all the means through high school. The 1982 Supreme Court stopping point in Plyler v. Doe ruled that public schools are prohibited from denying immigrant students access to public schools (Plyler). The court found that undocumented children contract the same right to a free public education and are obligated to attend school until they reach the age mandated by render law. Since then, many undocumented immigrants have passed through the public education system.Currently, it is believed that as many as 4. 9 million undocumented students are attending public schools (Immigration). However, it is difficult to know the exact java because of their status as undocumented immigrants. One thing that is known for sure is the number will continue to rise, leaving more and more students with undecided futures after graduation. However, the tycoon for illegal immigrants to attend public universities has for the most part been left up to the states.Currently, South Carolina is the precisely state that prohibits illegal immigrants from attending public universities and colleges that receive state funding although North Carolina and Alabama both prohibit undocumented people from attending community colleges (Coley). On the other end of the spectrum, nine tates including California, Nebraska, and Texas all offer i n-state tuition to illegal immigrants (College). New Jersey is also in the influence of deciding whether or not to offer in-state tuition to illegal immigrants.Although the states are the only ones to have passed jurisprudence regarding undocumented immigrants attending public universities, there is legislation flowly making its way through Congress. The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, also known as the DREAM Act, could bring about major changes. It was beginning(a) introduced in 2007, but failed to make it past the Senate floor. Then this past spring, Senator Durbin from Illinois reintroduced the piece of legislation. on a lower floor the currently proposed DREAM Act, undocumented immigrant students would be given the hazard to attend institutions of higher(prenominal) education and be able to obtain legal, permanent residency. According to the 2009 version of the Senate bill, DREAM Act beneficiaries must have demonstration of arriving in the United States before age 16 and live in the United States for five consecutive years since their date of arrival. They would also have to be between the ages of 12 and 35 at the term of bill enactment, btain a high school diploma, and have good moral character (Dream).Any opportunity to attend public universities and possibly achieve legal residency. This piece of legislation is expected to bring around heavy debate in the spring and could bring on some important changes if passed. One real important supporter for illegal immigrants attending institutions of higher education is the College Board. The College Board is made up of 5,000 schools and is beat out known for its SAT college admissions test. This past July, the board released a report citing a need for federal legislation that would provide in-state ollege tuition, financial aid, and legal status to many illegal immigrants in the United States (College).The report is the first time the College Board has spoken publicly about t he issue. Undocumented immigrants should be given the right to attend public universities and colleges because we have a moral obligation to give them an equal opportunity to better their situation. Many of the undocumented immigrants that currently live in the United States were brought here by their parents. The children did not make the decision to enter the country illegally, their parents did. By not allowing illegal mmigrants to attend public universities, we are essentially grueling them for decisions they did not make.Also, undocumented immigrants are going to remain and live in the United States regardless of their ability to attend public universities. So if these undocumented immigrants are going to stay here, it makes sense economically to have them be productive as possible. The College Board report shows that with the ability for illegal immigrants to obtain a higher education and move into better paying Jobs, the economy would increase from increased tax tax and con sumer consumption College). Additionally, if these undocumented immigrant students are paying for their college education, why not allow them the opportunity to further their knowledge.Under our current system, illegal immigrants are allowed to attend our public schools at no cost. But when these same illegal immigrants involve to pay for a higher education, many of them are turned away because of their legal status. Plus, universities and colleges from all over the country already allow foreign exchange students to attend their universities. Here at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, pproximately 6 pct of the student body is from a foreign country (International). There is no controversy on whether or not to allow these students, who are not United States citizens, to attend our public universities.So if someone is involuntary to pay their way through college, they should be allowed to attend regardless of residency status. All of these reasons support the going of the DREAM A ct. As of today, it remains one of the last hopes for undocumented immigrants to obtain the right to attend public universities indefinitely. Although nine states have passed legislation allowing or in-state tuition for undocumented immigrants, states are increasingly moving towards not allowing them to attend public universities.Missouri and Virginia are currently considering a ban similar to South Carolinas that would bar all illegal immigrants from attending public universities and colleges (College). So it is time now more than ever to stand up for undocumented immigrants rights. We have a public universities. One rebuttal often brought up in the discussion why illegal immigrants should not be allowed to attend public universities is they are falling out the law by being here in the United States. Although undocumented immigrants are breaking the law, it should not hold them back from furthering their education.Many illegal immigrants were brought here by their parents and did not make the decision to fix here illegally. Illegal immigrants often spend close to their whole lives in the United States. Although they are tranquil considered illegal in the eyes of the law, many are basically Americans because they have lived here for as commodious as they can remember. It is Just unfair to continue to punish someone for a decision they did not make. Another rebuttal often made against undocumented immigrants is the overnment is subsidizing an education for non-citizens because they do not pay taxes.The governance already subsidizes an education from the high school level on down for everybody regardless of residency status. Also, many undocumented immigrants are unable to obtain residency status in the United States. The long, difficult process of obtaining American citizenship keeps many of these illegal immigrants from paying taxes. The current system we use for obtaining citizenship creates a continual troll that does not allow for illegal immigrants t o pay taxes. If it as easier for undocumented immigrants to obtain citizenship, more tax revenue would be brought in to subsidize their education.In conclusion, there are many factors to consider why illegal immigrants should be allowed to attend public universities. If they are paying their way through college like every other student, then they should be allowed to attend public universities. Plus, many of these undocumented immigrants are going to remain in the United States regardless of their ability to attend universities, so it makes sense to have them be productive as possible. It also does not make sense to punish someone because heir parents came into the United States illegally.